Flora of Smuggler Canyon Area, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park

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Introduction
Checklist

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Introduction

This list comes from:

• vouchers from the Smuggler Canyon area, obtained from a search on 14 December 2013 of the Consortium of California Herbaria. The vouchers were nearly all from Larry Hendrickson.

  We also include the Youngberg / Gander et al vouchers from the "Pinyon Mountain" area from 1936, since they were actually taken from this area. See Historical Confusion about Blair Valley, Pinyon Mountain and Whale Peak.

  The following species were rejected from the list for the stated reasons:

  • Chamaesyce platysperma. This is almost surely a misdetermined voucher, since this species is known only from sandy soil below 300 feet elevation in the Coachella Valley in California.

  • Ephedra viridis. The voucher was of a male plant, which cannot be reliably determined. The expected species here is E. aspera. Jon Rebman checked the voucher on 2 January 2014 and changed the determination to E. aspera.

  • Mimulus fremontii. The vouchers in this area are overwhelmingly M. bigelovii, and the small rosettes we saw on 15 Decenber 2013 at Gander's voucher location had hairy leaves, fitting only M. bigelovii, and not M. fremontii. Jon Rebman checked the voucher on 2 January 2014 and changed the determination to M. bigelovii.

  • Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia. It is doubtful that the coast var. crassifolia is found in this area. The pink form of var. laevis is often misdetermined as var. crassifolia.

  • Sphaeralcea angustifolia was removed from the voucher list since it is only known from the dry lakebed in Little Blair Valley, not in this area in the southern end of Little Blair Valley.

• a field survey on 15 December 2013 of a loop of the Pictograph Trail; down to the lower end of Smuggler Canyon just above the impressive dry waterfall; up Smuggler Canyon to the first drainage north of the Pictograph Trail, on the north side of Peak 3777; and back to the Pictograph Trailhead at the southeastern edge of Little Blair Valley. Survey participants, in alphabetical order, were Tom Chester, Kate Harper, Frank Harris, RT Hawke, Angelique Herman, Keir Morse and Jim Roberts.

• a field survey on 27 December 2013 of the Pictograph Trail to the Calliandra area. Survey participants, in alphabetical order, were Adrienne Ballwey, Tom Chester, Kate Harper and Frank Harris.

• a field survey on 2 January 2014 from the Calliandra area to elevation ~3800 feet in Smuggler Canyon. Survey participants, in alphabetical order, were Tom Chester, Kate Harper and Frank Harris.

• a field survey on 7 January 2014 up the canyon east of the Calliandra area and down the ridge to the top of the impressive dry waterfall, done by Keir Morse. Keir successfully relocated the plants represented by the Thymophylla voucher from 1936 on this trip! He also found the first known population of Carlowrightia in this area.

• a field survey on 11 January 2014 from the top of the dry waterfall up to Keir's Thymophylla location, surveying for Thymophylla on the way up, and then northwest to the canyon east of the Calliandra area. Survey participants, in alphabetical order, were Adrienne Ballwey, Tom Chester, Kate Harper, Keir Morse and Jim Roberts.

• a field survey on 15 January 2014 from the Calliandra area along a different route up to Tom's Thymophylla location, and then a bit east surveying for more Thymophylla. Survey participants, in alphabetical order, were Tom Chester, Kate Harper and James Dillane.

• a field survey done on 18 March 2016 of the same loop done on 15 December 2013. Survey participants, in alphabetical order, were Tom Chester, Mike Crouse, Steven Daniel, Steve Fuller, Kate Harper, Jim Roberts, and Joan Zeller.

See also:

• Plant Species of the Borrego Desert: Fabaceae: Calliandra eriophylla, pink fairy duster

• Calliandra eriophylla Survey in Smuggler Canyon 27 December 2013

• Plant Species of the Borrego Desert: Asteraceae: Thymophylla pentachaeta var. belenidium, five-needled thymophylla

• Plant Species of the Borrego Desert: Apocynaceae: Matelea parvifolia, spearleaf

• Borrego Desert: Historical Confusion about Blair Valley, Pinyon Mountain and Whale Peak

Checklist for Smuggler Canyon Area

See:

• Notes on the Scientific Names Used At This Site and
• Information about the order in which the species are presented, and the links from the Scientific Name and Common Name.

An asterisk before the common name indicates a non-native species.

The family name is abbreviated to the first five characters in order to save space in the table rows.

The column #V gives the number of vouchers for each taxon from the Consortium, with a maximum value of 9.

The column #Pl gives a rough estimate of the minimum number of plants that we saw from the union of all surveys, with a maximum value of 99 plants. The main intent of this column is to indicate the species for which we found very few plants. Some of the numbers appear to be more precise than they actually are due to the addition of the numbers from all the separate surveys.

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#	Famil	Scientific Name	(*)Common Name	#V	#Pl
Lycophytes
1	Selag	Selaginella bigelovii	Bigelow's spike-moss		10
2	Selag	Selaginella eremophila	desert spike-moss		99
Ferns
3	Pteri	Cheilanthes covillei	beady lipfern	6	99
4	Pteri	Cheilanthes parryi	woolly lipfern		99
5	Pteri	Cheilanthes viscida	sticky lipfern	1	99
6	Pteri	Notholaena californica ssp. californica	California cloak fern	1	37
7	Pteri	Pellaea mucronata var. mucronata	bird's-foot fern	3	99
Gymnosperms
8	Cupre	Juniperus californica	California juniper	3	99
9	Ephed	Ephedra aspera	Mormon tea	7	99
10	Pinac	Pinus monophylla	pinyon pine	2	40
Eudicots
11	Acant	Carlowrightia arizonica	Arizona carlowrightia		30
12	Acant	Justicia californica	chuparosa	2	99
13	Amara	Amaranthus fimbriatus	fringed amaranth	2	99
14	Anaca	Rhus aromatica	basketbush	2	2
15	Apiac	Apiastrum angustifolium	wild celery	2
16	Apocy	Funastrum cynanchoides var. hartwegii	climbing milkweed	4	99
17	Apocy	Matelea parvifolia	spearleaf		63
18	Aster	Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var. sphaerocephalus	goldenhead	4	99
19	Aster	Adenophyllum porophylloides	San Felipe dogweed	4	99
20	Aster	Ambrosia dumosa	burroweed	3	99
21	Aster	Ambrosia salsola var. salsola	cheesebush	2	99
22	Aster	Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. albula	white mugwort	3	66
23	Aster	Baccharis brachyphylla	short-leaved baccharis		20
24	Aster	Bahiopsis parishii	Parish's goldeneye	4	99
25	Aster	Bebbia juncea var. aspera	sweetbush	3	99
26	Aster	Brickellia atractyloides var. arguta	California spear-leaved brickellia		25
27	Aster	Brickellia atractyloides var. odontolepis	California spear-leaved brickellia	2
28	Aster	Brickellia frutescens	shrubby brickellia		70
29	Aster	Chaenactis fremontii	Fremont pincushion	3	99
30	Aster	Encelia actoni	Acton encelia	3	40
31	Aster	Encelia farinosa	brittlebush		99
32	Aster	Ericameria brachylepis	boundary goldenbush	1	99
33	Aster	Ericameria teretifolia	needle-leaved rabbitbrush	3	5
34	Aster	Eriophyllum pringlei	Pringle's woolly sunflower	5
35	Aster	Eriophyllum wallacei var. rubellum	Wallace's woolly daisy	3	99
36	Aster	Gutierrezia sarothrae	matchweed		99
37	Aster	Lasthenia gracilis	goldfields		99
38	Aster	Layia glandulosa	white tidy-tips	1
39	Aster	Malacothrix glabrata	desert dandelion	1	30
40	Aster	Pectis papposa var. papposa	chinch-weed	3	99
41	Aster	Perityle emoryi	Emory's rock-daisy		99
42	Aster	Pleurocoronis pluriseta	arrow-leaf		10
43	Aster	Porophyllum gracile	odora	4	99
44	Aster	Pseudognaphalium biolettii	bicolored everlasting		1
45	Aster	Rafinesquia neomexicana	desert chicory		1
46	Aster	Stephanomeria pauciflora	wire-lettuce	2	31
47	Aster	Thymophylla pentachaeta var. belenidium	five-needled thymophylla	1	34
48	Aster	Trichoptilium incisum	yellow-head		4
49	Aster	Trixis californica var. californica	California trixis	2	99
50	Aster	Uropappus lindleyi	silver puffs	1	1
51	Borag	Amsinckia intermedia	common fiddleneck	1
52	Borag	Amsinckia tessellata var. tessellata	bristly fiddleneck	2	50
53	Borag	Cryptantha barbigera var. barbigera	bearded cryptantha	2	5
54	Borag	Cryptantha micrantha var. micrantha	red-root cryptantha	2	99
55	Borag	Cryptantha pterocarya var. “pseudocycloptera”	wing-nut cryptantha		25
56	Borag	Cryptantha pterocarya var. pterocarya	wing-nut cryptantha	1	25
57	Borag	Cryptantha pterocarya var. purpusii	Purpus' wing-nut cryptantha	1
58	Borag	Cryptantha utahensis	scented cryptantha	1
59	Borag	Emmenanthe penduliflora var. penduliflora	whispering bells	2	5
60	Borag	Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia var. bipinnatifida	eucrypta	5	18
61	Borag	Nama demissa var. demissa	purple mat	2	99
62	Borag	Pectocarya anisocarpa	Blair Valley combseed		99
63	Borag	Pectocarya platycarpa	broad-fruited combseed	1
64	Borag	Pectocarya recurvata	curvenut combseed	2	30
65	Borag	Phacelia distans	common phacelia	3	99
66	Borag	Phacelia pedicellata	pedicellate phacelia		24
67	Brass	Boechera perennans	perennial rock-cress	1	30
68	Brass	Brassica tournefortii	*Sahara mustard		5
69	Brass	Caulanthus cooperi	Cooper's jewel-flower	1
70	Brass	Caulanthus hallii	Hall's caulanthus	1
71	Brass	Caulanthus lasiophyllus	California mustard	1	10
72	Brass	Descurainia pinnata	western tansy-mustard	1	50
73	Brass	Lepidium lasiocarpum ssp. lasiocarpum	hairy-podded pepper-grass		50
74	Brass	Lyrocarpa coulteri	Coulter's lyrepod	1
75	Brass	Sisymbrium irio	*London rocket	1	20
76	Brass	Thysanocarpus curvipes ssp. eradiatus	fringe-pod	1	10
77	Cacta	Cylindropuntia bigelovii	teddy-bear cholla		99
78	Cacta	Cylindropuntia ganderi	Gander's cholla	1	99
79	Cacta	Echinocereus engelmannii	Engelmann's hedgehog cactus	1	70
80	Cacta	Ferocactus cylindraceus	California barrel cactus		99
81	Cacta	Mammillaria dioica	California fish-hook cactus		99
82	Cacta	Mammillaria tetrancistra	desert fish-hook cactus		1
83	Cacta	Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris	beavertail cactus	1	55
84	Cacta	Opuntia chlorotica	pancake prickly-pear		5
85	Campa	Nemacladus longiflorus var. breviflorus	thread plant	2
86	Campa	Nemacladus rubescens	desert nemacladus	1	10
87	Campa	Nemacladus sigmoideus	small-flowered nemacladus	1
88	Crass	Dudleya arizonica	Arizona chalk dudleya	1	80
89	Eupho	Bernardia incana	western bernardia	6	99
90	Eupho	Chamaesyce melanadenia	red-gland spurge	4	99
91	Eupho	Chamaesyce micromera	Sonoran spurge	1	2
92	Eupho	Chamaesyce setiloba	starfish (Yuma) spurge	1	99
93	Eupho	Ditaxis lanceolata	narrowleaf ditaxis	1	99
94	Eupho	Stillingia linearifolia	linear-leaved stillingia	2	99
95	Fabac	Acmispon argophyllus var. argophyllus	southern California silver-lotus	1	3
96	Fabac	Acmispon brachycarpus	short-podded lotus	1	3
97	Fabac	Acmispon glaber var. brevialatus	short-winged deerweed	2	6
98	Fabac	Acmispon haydonii	pygmy lotus	2
99	Fabac	Acmispon rigidus	desert lotus	3	99
100	Fabac	Acmispon strigosus	strigose lotus		5
101	Fabac	Astragalus nuttallianus var. cedrosensis	Cedros milk-vetch		3?
102	Fabac	Astragalus palmeri	Palmer's milk-vetch	2	80
103	Fabac	Calliandra eriophylla	pink fairy duster	9	99
104	Fabac	Dalea mollissima	downy dalea		18
105	Fabac	Lupinus concinnus	bajada lupine	2	40
106	Fabac	Marina parryi	Parry's marina	2	99
107	Fabac	Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	honey mesquite		1
108	Fabac	Psorothamnus schottii	indigo bush	1	68
109	Fabac	Senegalia greggii	catclaw	2	99
110	Fabac	Senna covesii	desert senna	2	31
111	Fagac	Quercus cornelius-mulleri	desert scrub oak		2
112	Fouqu	Fouquieria splendens ssp. splendens	ocotillo	3	99
113	Geran	Erodium cicutarium	*redstem filaree	2	99
114	Krame	Krameria bicolor	white rhatany	4	50
115	Krame	Krameria erecta	Pima rhatany	1	99
116	Lamia	Hyptis emoryi	desert-lavender	1	50
117	Lamia	Salvia apiana	white sage	3	10
118	Lamia	Salvia columbariae	chia	1	30
119	Loasa	Mentzelia albicaulis	white-stemmed blazing star	2	99
120	Malva	Ayenia compacta	ayenia	2	99
121	Malva	Hibiscus denudatus	rock hibiscus		19
122	Malva	Sphaeralcea ambigua var. ambigua	apricot mallow	1	99
123	Mollu	Mollugo cerviana	*carpet-weed		21
124	Monti	Calyptridium monandrum	sand cress	3	5
125	Nycta	Allionia incarnata	trailing four o'clock		1
126	Nycta	Boerhavia triquetra var. intermedia	fivewing spiderling	3	99
127	Nycta	Mirabilis laevis var. retrorsa	Bigelow's desert four-o'clock		35
128	Nycta	Mirabilis laevis var. villosa	Bigelow's desert four-o'clock	2
129	Oleac	Menodora scabra var. glabrescens	broom twinberry	2	12
130	Onagr	Camissoniopsis pallida ssp. pallida	pale suncup		35
131	Onagr	Chylismia claviformis ssp. peirsonii	brown-eyed primrose		99
132	Onagr	Eulobus californicus	California suncup		30
133	Papav	Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp. minutiflora	small-flowered poppy	3	50
134	Phrym	Mimulus bigelovii var. bigelovii	Bigelow's monkeyflower	1	99
135	Plant	Penstemon clevelandii var. clevelandii	Cleveland's beardtongue	2	34
136	Polem	Eriastrum eremicum ssp. eremicum	desert woolly-star	2	99
137	Polem	Leptosiphon lemmonii	Lemmon's linanthus	2
138	Polem	Loeseliastrum schottii	Schott's calico		1
139	Polyg	Centrostegia thurberi	red triangles	1	4
140	Polyg	Chorizanthe brevicornu var. brevicornu	brittle spineflower	2	1
141	Polyg	Eriogonum davidsonii	Davidson's buckwheat		25
142	Polyg	Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium	California buckwheat	3	99
143	Polyg	Eriogonum inflatum	desert trumpet	3	99
144	Polyg	Eriogonum plumatella	yucca buckwheat		99
145	Polyg	Eriogonum wrightii var. nodosum	Wright's buckwheat	2	70
146	Polyg	Pterostegia drymarioides	fairy bowties, threadstem	3	6
147	Ranun	Delphinium parishii ssp. subglobosum	intermediate larkspur		7
148	Rosac	Coleogyne ramosissima	black brush	1	3
149	Rosac	Prunus fremontii	desert apricot	3	99
150	Rosac	Prunus ilicifolia ssp. ilicifolia	hollyleaf cherry	1
151	Rubia	Galium angustifolium ssp. borregoense	Borrego bedstraw	6	3
152	Rubia	Galium stellatum	star-flowered bedstraw	4	99
153	Rutac	Thamnosma montana	turpentine broom	4	99
154	Simmo	Simmondsia chinensis	jojoba	3	99
155	Solan	Lycium andersonii	Anderson's boxthorn	1	40
156	Solan	Lycium cooperi	Cooper's boxthorn	2	35
157	Solan	Nicotiana obtusifolia	desert tobacco		35
158	Solan	Physalis crassifolia	thick-leaved ground cherry	3	70
159	Verbe	Verbena lasiostachys	western vervain		3
160	Visca	Phoradendron bolleanum	dense mistletoe	3	15
161	Visca	Phoradendron californicum	desert mistletoe	4	95
162	Zygop	Fagonia laevis	California fagonia		55
163	Zygop	Kallstroemia parviflora	few-flowered caltrop		40
164	Zygop	Larrea tridentata	creosote bush	3	99
Monocots
165	Agava	Agave deserti var. deserti	desert agave	2	99
166	Agava	Yucca schidigera	Mohave yucca	1	99
167	Poace	Aristida adscensionis	six-weeks three-awn	1	99
168	Poace	Aristida purpurea	purple three-awn		99
169	Poace	Bouteloua aristidoides var. aristidoides	needle grama	1	99
170	Poace	Bouteloua barbata var. barbata	six-weeks grama	2	99
171	Poace	Bouteloua curtipendula	side-oats grama	1
172	Poace	Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens	*red brome	2	99
173	Poace	Dasyochloa pulchella	fluff grass	1	99
174	Poace	Hilaria rigida	big galleta	3	99
175	Poace	Melica frutescens	tall melica	3	10
176	Poace	Muhlenbergia porteri	Porter's muhly	2	50
177	Poace	Schismus barbatus	*Mediterranean schismus	1	99
178	Poace	Sporobolus cryptandrus	sand dropseed		8
179	Poace	Stipa parishii var. parishii	Parish's needlegrass	1
180	Poace	Stipa speciosa	desert needlegrass	2	33
181	Rusca	Nolina parryi	Parry's nolina	2	11
182	Themi	Muilla maritima	muilla	2	2

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Voucher data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/)

We thank Merrill Matthews for help with the 15 December 2013 survey; and Steven Daniel, Steve Fuller and Joan Zeller for help with the 18 March 2016 survey.

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• Plants of Southern California: Regional Floras