Flora of San Marcos Hills
Wayne Armstrong, 1973, 2003 This plant list covers the southern end of the San Marcos Mountains. Specifically, it includes
- the portion of the San Marcos Mountains within the City of San Marcos;
- the valley of Agua Hedionda Creek;
- areas east and west of Twin Oaks Valley Road from San Marcos to its end at Gopher Canyon Road; and
- the vernal pool area in the city of San Marcos bounded by Mirada Drive, Pacific Street, Linda Vista and Las Posas roads.
The original plant list was compiled by Wayne Armstrong in 1973, beginning after the fire of Spring, 1970, with two later Addenda, giving a total of 270 taxa. The list was digitized and names updated in accord with The Jepson Manual by Tom Chester on 5 March 2003. From a field trip by both authors on 8 March 2003, 12 taxa were added to the list; subspecies were determined for 11 species; and the identification was confirmed for another species.
The column Source in the table below gives the origin of each taxon, coded as follows:
Value Meaning 1 Taxon unchanged from original list 2 Taxon name updated to the Jepson Manual system. 3 Subspecies or variety dropped in the Jepson Manual. 8 Conversion of taxon name to the Jepson Manual system ambiguous. 9 Taxon added or refined in 2003 The column id? gives the further work that needs to be done for some taxa. The codes there are as follows: sp indicates that although the genera has been identified, there is uncertainty about the identification for the species; ssp indicates that the subspecies remains to be identified. A ? denotes where the updated name for a taxon has become ambiguous since that taxon became two separate species. Each of the possible new taxa are given below, and so marked. A ~ indicates a likely, but not 100% positive, id.
An asterisk before the common name indicates a taxon not-native to California.
# id? Latin Name (*)Common Name Source Ferns and Fern Allies
Azollaceae Mosquito Fern Family 1 Azolla filiculoides mosquito fern 1 Dryopteridaceae Woodfern Family 2 Dryopteris arguta California wood fern 1 Polypodiaceae Polypody Family 3 Polypodium californicum California polypody 1 Pteridaceae Fern Family 4 Adiantum jordanii California maidenhair fern 1 5 Cheilanthes newberryi cotton fern 1 6 Pellaea mucronata var. mucronata bird's-foot fern 2 7 ssp Pentagramma triangularis gold-back fern 2 Selaginellaceae Spike Moss Family 8 Selaginella bigelovii Bigelow's spike-moss 1 Dicots
Amaranthaceae Amaranth Family 9 Amaranthus albus *tumble pigweed 1 10 Amaranthus retroflexus *red-rooted amaranth 1 Anacardiaceae Sumac Family 11 Malosma laurina laurel sumac 2 12 Rhus integrifolia lemonade berry 1 13 Schinus molle *Peruvian pepper tree 1 Apiaceae Carrot Family 14 Apiastrum angustifolium wild celery 1 15 Daucus pusillus rattlesnake weed 1 16 Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii San Diego button-celery 9 17 Foeniculum vulgare *fennel 1 18 ssp Lomatium dasycarpum woolly-fruited lomatium 1 19 Sanicula arguta sharp-toothed sanicle 1 20 Sanicula bipinnatifida purple sanicle 1 21 Sanicula crassicaulis Pacific sanicle 1 22 Sanicula tuberosa tuberous sanicle 1 Asclepiadaceae Milkweed Family 23 Asclepias fascicularis narrow-leaf milkweed 1 Asteraceae Sunflower Family 24 Achyrachaena mollis blow-wives 1 25 Acourtia microcephala sacapellote 2 26 Ambrosia psilostachya western ragweed 1 27 Anthemis cotula *dog-fennel 1 28 Artemisia californica California sagebrush 1 29 Baccharis pilularis coyote bush 1 30 Baccharis salicifolia mule fat 2 31 Baccharis sarothroides broom baccharis 1 32 Brickellia californica California brickellbush 1 33 ~ Carduus pycnocephalus *Italian thistle 9 34 Centaurea melitensis *tocalote 1 35 Chaenactis artemisiifolia meally white pincushion 1 36 Chaenactis glabriuscula var. glabriuscula yellow pincushion 2 37 Chamomilla suaveolens *pineapple weed 2 38 Cichorium intybus *chicory 1 39 Cirsium occidentale var. californicum California thistle 2 40 Conyza bonariensis *little horseweed 1 41 Conyza canadensis horseweed 1 42 Cotula australis *Australian brass-buttons 1 43 Cotula coronopifolia *brass-buttons 1 44 Cynara cardunculus *artichoke thistle 1 45 Encelia californica California encelia 1 46 Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus leafy daisy 2 47 Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. confertiflorum golden yarrow 1 48 Filago californica California filago 1 49 Filago gallica *narrowleaf filago 9 50 Gnaphalium bicolor bicolored everlasting 1 51 Gnaphalium californicum California everlasting 1 52 Gnaphalium canescens ssp. beneolens fragrant everlasting 2 53 Hazardia squarrosa var. grindelioides saw-toothed goldenbush 92 54 Hedypnois cretica *Crete weed 1 55 ~ Helianthus annuus annual sunflower 9 56 Hemizonia fasciculata slender tarweed 1 57 Heterotheca grandiflora telegraph weed 1 58 ssp Holocarpha virgata narrow tarplant 1 59 Hypochaeris glabra *smooth cat's ear 1 60 Isocoma menziesii var. vernonioides coastal goldenbush 2 61 Lactuca serriola *prickly lettuce 1 62 Lasthenia californica goldfields 2 63 Madia exigua meager tarweed 1 64 Osmadenia tenella three spot 2 65 Pentachaeta aurea golden daisy 2 66 Picris echioides *bristly ox-tongue 1 67 Senecio vulgaris *common groundsel 1 68 Silybum marianum *milk thistle 1 69 Sonchus asper ssp. asper *prickly sow thistle 1 70 Sonchus oleraceus *sow thistle 1 71 ssp Stephanomeria virgata twiggy wreath plant 1 72 Stylocline gnaphaloides everlasting nest-straw 1 73 Uropappus lindleyi silver puffs 2 74 Venegasia carpesioides canyon sunflower 1 75 Xanthium strumarium cocklebur 9 Berberidaceae Barberry Family 76 Berberis pinnata ssp. pinnata shiny-leaf barberry 1 Boraginaceae Borage Family 77 Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia common fiddleneck 2 78 Cryptantha intermedia popcorn flower 1 79 Heliotropium curassavicum seaside heliotrope 1 80 Pectocarya linearis ssp. ferocula slender pectocarya 1 81 Plagiobothrys collinus var. californicus California popcorn flower 2 Brassicaceae Mustard Family 82 Brassica nigra *black mustard 1 83 Brassica rapa *field mustard 2 84 ssp Caulanthus heterophyllus slender-pod jewelflower 2 85 Guillenia lasiophylla California mustard 2 86 Hirschfeldia incana *shortpod mustard 2 87 Lepidium lasiocarpum var. lasiocarpum hairy-podded pepper-grass 1 88 Lepidium nitidum var. nitidum shining peppergrass 91 89 Raphanus sativus *purple wild radish 1 90 Sisymbrium irio *London rocket 1 91 Sisymbrium orientale *Oriental mustard 1 Cactaceae Cactus Family 92 Opuntia littoralis coast prickly-pear 1 93 Opuntia Xvaseyi Vasey's prickly pear 9 Campanulaceae Bellflower Family 94 Downingia cuspidata toothed downingia 1 95 Triodanis biflora Venus looking-glass 1 Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family 96 Sambucus mexicana blue elderberry 1 Caryophyllaceae Pink Family 97 Cerastium glomeratum *mouse-ear chickweed 2 98 Silene gallica *windmill pink 1 99 Spergula arvensis ssp. arvensis *stickwort 1 100 Spergularia marina salt marsh sand-spurry 1 101 Spergularia villosa *hairy sand-spurrey 1 102 Stellaria media *common chickweed 1 Chenopodiaceae Goosefoot Family 103 Atriplex semibaccata *creeping Australian saltbush 1 104 Chenopodium album *white goosefoot 1 105 Chenopodium ambrosioides *Mexican tea 1 106 Chenopodium californicum California goosefoot 1 107 Salsola tragus *Russian thistle 2 Cistaceae Rock-Rose Family 108 Helianthemum scoparium rockrose 1 Convolvulaceae Morning Glory Family 109 Calystegia macrostegia ssp. arida southern California morning-glory 2 110 Calystegia macrostegia ssp. intermedia south coast morning-glory 9 111 Calystegia macrostegia ssp. tenuifolia San Diego morning-glory 9 Crassulaceae Stonecrop Family 112 Crassula connata pygmy-weed 2 113 Dudleya pulverulenta ssp. pulverulenta California chalk lettuce 9 Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family 114 Marah macrocarpus var. macrocarpus wild-cucumber 1 Cuscutaceae Dodder Family 115 ssp Cuscuta californica California dodder 1 Ericaceae Heath Family 116 Xylococcus bicolor mission manzanita 1 Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family 117 Chamaesyce maculata *spotted spurge 2 118 Chamaesyce polycarpa small-seeded spurge 2 119 Eremocarpus setigerus dove weed 1 120 Euphorbia peplus *petty spurge 1 121 Ricinus communis *castor bean 9 122 Tetracoccus dioicus Parry's tetracoccus 1 Fabaceae Pea Family 123 Astragalus trichopodus var. lonchus coast locoweed 2 124 Lathyrus vestitus var. alefeldii San Diego pea 2 125 Lotus scoparius var. scoparius deerweed 91 126 Lotus strigosus Bishop's lotus 1 127 Lupinus bicolor dwarf lupine 1 128 Lupinus hirsutissimus stinging lupine 1 129 Lupinus longifolius long-leaf bush lupine 1 130 Lupinus succulentus arroyo lupine 91 131 Lupinus truncatus collar lupine 1 132 Medicago polymorpha *California burclover 2 133 Melilotus indica *sourclover 1 134 Trifolium repens *white clover 1 135 Trifolium willdenovii tomcat clover 2 136 ? Vicia hassei Hasse's vetch 8 137 ? Vicia ludoviciana var. ludoviciana slim vetch 8 Fagaceae Oak Family 138 Quercus berberidifolia scrub oak 2 Gentianaceae Gentian Family 139 Centaurium venustum canchalagua 1 Geraniaceae Geranium Family 140 Erodium botrys *long-beaked filaree 1 141 Erodium cicutarium *redstem filaree 1 142 Erodium moschatum *white-stemmed filaree 1 143 Geranium carolinianum Carolina geranium 1 Grossulariaceae Gooseberry Family 144 Ribes indecorum white-flowering currant 1 145 Ribes speciosum fuchsia-flowered gooseberry 1 Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia Family 146 ssp Eriodictyon crassifolium thick-leaved yerba santa 1 147 Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia var. chrysanthemifolia eucrypta 91 148 Nemophila maculata five-spot 1 149 ssp Nemophila menziesii baby blue eyes 1 150 Phacelia cicutaria var. hispida caterpillar phacelia 1 151 Phacelia grandiflora giant-flowered phacelia 1 152 Phacelia minor wild canterbury bells 1 153 Phacelia parryi Parry's phacelia 1 154 Pholistoma auritum var. auritum fiesta flower 91 155 Pholistoma racemosum San Diego fiesta flower 1 Lamiaceae Mint Family 156 Marrubium vulgare *horehound 1 157 Salvia apiana white sage 1 158 Salvia columbariae chia 1 159 Salvia mellifera black sage 1 160 Scutellaria tuberosa common skullcap 1 161 Stachys ajugoides var. rigida rigid hedge-nettle 2 162 Trichostema lanceolatum vinegar weed 1 Linaceae Flax Family 163 Hesperolinon micranthum small-flower western flax 1 Malvaceae Mallow Family 164 Malacothamnus fasciculatus chaparral bush mallow 1 165 Malva parviflora *cheeseweed 1 166 Sidalcea malvaeflora ssp. sparsifolia checkerbloom 91 Myrtaceae Myrtle Family 167 Eucalyptus globulus *blue gum 1 Nyctaginaceae Four-O'Clock Family 168 Mirabilis californica California four o'clock 2 Onagraceae Evening Primrose Family 169 Camissonia bistorta California suncup 1 170 Camissonia californica California suncup 1 171 ? Camissonia hirtella hairy sun-cups 8 172 ? Camissonia ignota Jurupa Hills sun-cups 8 173 Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera purple clarkia 1 174 Clarkia unguiculata elegant clarkia 1 175 ssp Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum willowherb 9 176 ssp Oenothera elata evening-primrose 1 Oxalidaceae Oxalis Family 177 Oxalis albicans ssp. californica California oxalis 2 Paeoniaceae Peony Family 178 Paeonia californica California peony 1 Papaveraceae Poppy Family 179 Dicentra chrysantha ear drops 1 180 Eschscholzia californica California poppy 1 181 Papaver californicum western poppy 1 182 Platystemon californicus cream cups 1 Plantaginaceae Plantain Family 183 Plantago erecta California plantain 2 184 Plantago lanceolata *English plantain 1 Polemoniaceae Phlox Family 185 Allophyllum glutinosum sticky false-gilia 1 186 Eriastrum filifolium lavender woolly-star 1 187 Gilia angelensis angel's gilia 1 188 Gilia capitata ssp. abrotanifolia globe gilia 1 189 Linanthus dianthiflorus ground pink 1 190 ssp Navarretia hamata hooked skunkweed 1 Polygonaceae Buckwheat Family 191 ssp Chorizanthe fimbriata fringed spineflower 1 192 Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum California buckwheat 91 193 Pterostegia drymarioides threadstem 1 194 Rumex crispus *curly dock 1 Portulacaceae Purslane Family 195 Calandrinia ciliata red maids 1 196 Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora narrow-leaved miner's lettuce 92 Primulaceae Primrose Family 197 Anagallis arvensis *scarlet pimpernel 1 198 Anagallis linifolia *blue pimpernel 1 199 Dodecatheon clevelandii ssp. clevelandii shooting star 91 Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family 200 sp Clematis pauciflora virgin's bower 1 201 Delphinium cardinale scarlet larkspur 1 Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family 202 Ceanothus tomentosus var. olivaceus Ramona lilac 1 203 Rhamnus crocea redberry 1 Rosaceae Rose Family 204 Adenostoma fasciculatum chamise 1 205 Cercocarpus minutiflorus San Diego mountain mahogany 1 206 Heteromeles arbutifolia toyon 1 Rubiaceae Bedstraw Family 207 Galium aparine common bedstraw 1 208 Galium nuttallii ssp. nuttallii climbing bedstraw 2 Rutaceae Rue Family 209 Cneoridium dumosum bushrue 1 Salicaceae Willow Family 210 Salix lasiolepis arroyo willow 1 Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family 211 Jepsonia parryi coast jepsonia 9 212 Lithophragma affine woodland star 1 Scrophulariaceae Snapdragon Family 213 Antirrhinum coulterianum white snapdragon 1 214 ssp Antirrhinum nuttallianum purple snapdragon 1 215 Castilleja affinis ssp. affinis coast Indian paintbrush 2 216 Castilleja exserta ssp. exserta purple owl's clover 92 217 ssp Keckiella antirrhinoides chaparral beard-tongue 1 218 Keckiella cordifolia heartleaf penstemon 1 219 Linaria canadensis var. texana rough-seeded blue toad-flax 1 220 Mimulus aurantiacus bush monkeyflower 2 221 Mimulus brevipes wide-throated yellow monkeyflower 1 222 Mimulus fremontii Fremont's monkeyflower 1 223 Mimulus pilosus false monkeyflower 1 224 sp Penstemon spectabilis showy penstemon 1 225 Scrophularia californica ssp. floribunda California bee plant 91 Solanaceae Nightshade Family 226 Datura wrightii sacred datura 2 227 Nicotiana glauca *tree tobacco 1 228 Solanum douglasii white nightshade 1 229 Solanum elaeagnifolium *horse-nettle 1 230 Solanum parishii Parish's purple nightshade 1 Urticaceae Nettle Family 231 ssp Parietaria hespera pellitory 2 Verbenaceae Vervain Family 232 ssp Phyla nodiflora common lippia 2 233 ssp Verbena lasiostachys western vervain 1 Violaceae Violet Family 234 Viola pedunculata johnny jump-up 1 Monocots
Cyperaceae Sedge Family 235 Carex praegracilis clustered field sedge 1 236 Cyperus eragrostis umbrella sedge 1 237 Eleocharis macrostachya common spikerush 1 Iridaceae Iris Family 238 Sisyrinchium bellum blue-eyed grass 1 Liliaceae Lily Family 239 Allium haematochiton red-skinned onion 1 240 Allium praecox early onion 1 241 Asphodelus fistulosus *onionweed 1 242 Bloomeria crocea goldenstar 1 243 Brodiaea orcuttii Orcutt's brodiaea 1 244 Calochortus weedii var. weedii yellow mariposa lily 1 245 Chlorogalum parviflorum small-flowered soap plant 1 246 Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum soap plant 91 247 Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum blue dicks 2 248 Fritillaria biflora var. biflora chocolate lily 91 249 Muilla maritima muilla 1 250 Yucca whipplei chaparral yucca 1 251 Zigadenus fremontii white star-lily 1 Poaceae Grass Family 252 Avena barbata *slender wild oats 1 253 Avena fatua *wild oats 1 254 sp Bromus carinatus California brome 1 255 Bromus catharticus *rescue grass 1 256 Bromus diandrus *ripgut brome 2 257 Bromus hordeaceus *soft chess 2 258 Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens *red brome 2 259 Cynodon dactylon *bermuda grass 1 260 Digitaria sanguinalis *crabgrass 1 261 Distichlis spicata saltgrass 1 262 sp Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum *foxtail barley 2 263 Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum *foxtail barley 2 264 Hordeum vulgare var. trifurcatum *cultivated barley 1 265 Koeleria macrantha June grass 1 266 Lamarckia aurea *goldentop 1 267 Leymus condensatus giant wild rye 2 268 Lolium multiflorum *Italian rye-grass 1 269 Melica imperfecta small-flowered melica 1 270 Muhlenbergia microsperma littleseed muhly 1 271 Nassella lepida foothill needlegrass 2 272 Nassella pulchra purple needlegrass 2 273 Pennisetum setaceum *fountain grass 1 274 Phalaris angusta timothy canarygrass 1 275 Phalaris minor *little-seed canarygrass 1 276 Poa annua *annual blue grass 1 277 Polypogon monspeliensis *rabbits-foot grass 1 278 Secale cereale *rye 1 279 Sorghum halepense *johnsongrass 1 280 Vulpia microstachys var. pauciflora Pacific fescue 2 281 Vulpia myuros var. hirsuta *hairy rattail fescue 2 Typhaceae Cat Tail Family 282 Typha latifolia broadleaf cattail 1
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Copyright © 2003 by Wayne Armstrong and Tom Chester
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Last update: 5 December 2003