Flora of Coyote Creek First to Third Crossing Area
First Crossing ![]()
Third Crossing ![]()
Second Crossing ![]()
Fig. 1.
Top Left: View looking upstream to the west from First Crossing on 5 April 2008.Top Right: Third Crossing on 19 November 2009. This was the hiker's crossing at the time, with the vehicle crossing to the left in a wide deep channel filled with water. A few years ago the hiker's crossing was cleared of vegetation and it became the new vehicle crossing.
Bottom: The Second Crossing area on 7 November 2011. Second Crossing itself is just to the right of the picture, which is looking west. Third Crossing is at the upper right, hidden by the alluvial fan in the mid distance.
See also pictures of how the water flow in the Creek can change in just four days.
Click on the pictures for larger versions.
Introduction
Voucher Records
iNaturalist and Calflora Records
Field Surveys
Species Notes and Summary of Checklist
Checklist
Introduction Coyote Creek drains most of the southwest quadrant of the Santa Rosa Mountains, originating on the southwest side of Toro Peak at 8716 feet elevation, first flowing west toward the town of Anza; then making a 90° turn to flow south in Horse Canyon; and then making a 45° turn to flow along a branch of the San Jacinto Fault, ending in the Borrego Valley at an elevation of about 700 feet.
Bedrock bottlenecks force its water to come to or near the surface at Upper, Middle and Lower Willows. Santa Catarina Spring at Lower Willows covers an area of several acres and is the largest single natural emergence of water in San Diego County (Anza-Borrego A to Z, Lindsay 2001, p. 310). Water from the spring creates a year-round flow of water at Lower Willows through Lower Coyote Canyon, a narrow canyon which abruptly opens to the desert floor, with its deep sandy alluvial soils. The water begins to sink into its sandy bed and above-ground flow eventually ends.
See a map of the entire Coyote Creek area showing the areas mentioned above.
The flora of Coyote Creek also changes abruptly when Coyote Creek leaves its narrow Canyon, making that a natural place to place a floral boundary. Since Coyote Creek gradually fades into the desert floor, with the riparian species gradually disappearing, the lower end of the flora is more arbitrary. We have placed the lower boundary of the flora where hikes in this area often begin.
Access to this area is by the Coyote Canyon Dirt Road for cars, and from the Vern Whitaker Horse Camp for horses and hikers. The Coyote Canyon Dirt Road begins at the end of Di Giorgio Road in Borrego Springs, heads north toward Coyote Mountain, and then northwest along the base of Coyote Mountain to the Alcoholic Pass Trail and then Desert Garden. Soon after Desert Garden the road turns south / southwest to cross Coyote Creek at First Crossing, which usually has flowing water during the winter. In another mile it crosses Coyote Creek again at Second Crossing, which sometimes has flowing water year-round. One more mile leads to Third Crossing, which is usually the end of the road for most vehicles.
Rarely, water persists in Coyote Creek all the way downstream to where the Coyote Creek Road crosses one of its braids just before the Road turns to go along the base of Coyote Mountain. That crossing is informally called Zeroth Crossing, and is outside our floral area boundary.
Fig. 2 shows the area for this flora.
Fig. 2. The Coyote Creek First to Third Crossing Area. The solid red perimeter line delineates the area used for this flora. The blue diamonds are where we have recorded GPS points for species in the entire area as of 10 December 2017; only the ones inside the solid red boundary perimeter are used for this flora. The other lines give our survey routes. Not all survey routes have recorded GPS points.
The plot does not yet include the GPS points from the side drainages below Second and Third Crossings.
Click on the map for a larger version.The flora of this area has three main components: the riparian species that are found only along the bed of Coyote Creek; the Borrego Valley Desert Floor species; and "hillside species" that are found on the slopes above the Borrego Valley desert floor. An interesting minor component of the flora are a very small number of plants of Borrego Badlands species, due to Borrego Badlands rock formations present in a portion of the Coyote Mountains above this floral area. Those Badlands species include Aliciella latifolia, Asclepias subulata, Atriplex hymenelytra, and Pilostyles thurberi. It is also notable that there are fewer Desert Floor species here whose habitats are sand dune-y areas and saline areas, since those habitats are not as abundant here as elsewhere on the Borrego Valley desert floor.
See Fred Melgert and Carla Hoegen's Anza-Borrego Desert: First-Second-Third Crossing and Third Crossing Wash Loop pages filled with information about this area and extensive pictures of the plants seen here. They also have a plant lists for this area, Zero-First-Second-Lower willows and Coyote canyon East (First-Third), that contain information about when a given species was observed, and whether it was blooming or not
Voucher Records Georeferenced vouchers from the Consortium of California Herbaria were searched on 18 December 2015 in the area from 33.35 to 33.38° N. latitude and -116.43 to -116.39° E. longitude, retrieving 284 vouchers. Two vouchers were determined only to the genus level, and so were rejected. 23 vouchers from Hrusa contained seven species that were found by no one else in this area, and most of those seven species are known primarily from the sandier areas to the east of our floral area. Hence we considered those vouchers to have been taken from outside our area, leaving 259 vouchers of 140 taxa.
The voucher determined as Phacelia nashiana was taken as a voucher of P. campanularia; see Phacelia nashiana = P. campanularia2.
iNaturalist and Calflora Records iNaturalist records were searched for the area from 33.35 to 33.376° N. latitude and -116.425 to -116.39° E. longitude, returning 293 observations of 70 taxa. Two of those taxa were rejected because we suspected those species were found farther to the east, and the observations had poor coordinate accuracy.
Calflora records were searched for the same area, retrieving 39 observations of 35 taxa. 21 of those observations had large uncertainties in their coordinates, so could not be reliably used for this flora.
Field Surveys If a survey wasn't done for the full day in the flora area, an estimate of the percentage of the day in the floral area is given at the end of the entry.
30 December 2007. A one mile loop at Desert Gardens, and one mile of the Coyote Creek Dirt Road at First Crosing, with only very short excursions away from the road, by Tom Chester with the assistance of Rich Schilk and three other members of the CNPS from Orange County. For more information, see the trip report.
3 January 2008. Tom Chester surveyed the creek from First to Second Crossing; the Dirt Road from just below Second Crossing to Lower Willows; and the Ocotillo Flat Trail. For more information, see the trip report and the list of the plants in bloom for the area surveyed on 3 January 2008.
7 January 2008. Tom Chester surveyed the wash north of Coyote Creek that is just west of Desert Garden, and Coyote Creek from First to Second Crossing.
5 April 2008. Tom Chester and Wayne Armstrong surveyed a short loop at Desert Garden, then a roughly one mile loop from First Crossing southwest to the base of the mountains there, then north along the base of the mountains, then to Coyote Creek about halfway between First and Second Crossing.
7 November 2011. Tom Chester, Mike Crouse and Kate Harper did a car trip from the beginning of the Coyote Creek Dirt Road to Second Crossing, stopping at a number of locations to record species in bloom (0.2 day in floral area).
19 February 2014. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized from First to Third Crossing.
17 April 2014. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized from First to Third Crossing.
23 March 2015. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized their Third Crossing Wash Loop.
15 December 2015. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized from First to Third Crossing.
19 December 2015. Tom Chester, Kate Harper, Mike Crouse, Fred Melgert, and Carla Hoegen surveyed from First to Third crossing.
27 February 2016. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized from First to Third Crossing.
25 April 2016. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized from First to Third Crossing.
17 November 2016. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized from First to Third Crossing.
25 January 2017. Tom Chester surveyed from near the beginning of the Horse Camp Road to the First Crossing Area along the base of the mountains to the west, and then back along the southernmost braid of Coyote Creek, accompanied by Peter and Portia Bryant for the first part.
25 February 2017. Keir Morse surveyed from the pullout just south of the Horse Camp along the base of the mountains to the west, then to Desert Garden and back directly to the pullout.
17 November 2017. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized from First to Third Crossing.
4 December 2017. Tom Chester, Walt Fidler, Nancy Accola, Jim Roberts, Fred Melgert, Carla Hoegen, and Mike Crouse surveyed from First Crossing to about halfway between Second and Third Crossing.
10 December 2017. Tom Chester surveyed in the vicinity of Third Crossing (0.5 day).
7 January 2018. Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert botanized their Third Crossing Wash Loop.
13 January 2018. Tom Chester, Mike Crouse and Jim Roberts botanized the Third Crossing Wash Loop.
The union of these trips contained 241 taxa.
23 March 2019. Tom Chester and Adrienne Ballway botanized the Third Crossing Area.
10 December 2019. Tom Chester, Nancy Accola, and Joe Woods botanized from Second Crossing to Ash Wash.
See Fred Melgert and Carla Hoegen's Anza-Borrego Desert: First-Second-Third Crossing page filled with pictures of the plants seen here on each of their surveys.
Species Notes and Summary of Checklist In the checklist, we have subsumed the voucher determination of Tamarix chinensis under T. ramosissima since the vast majority of the time we do not see flowers that would allow us to discriminate these species. These two species are extremely similar except for minute details of the flowers. In fact, the most common plant in this U.S. invasion is a hybrid combination of two species-specific genotypes that were geographically isolated in their native Eurasian range (Gaskin and Schaal 2002).
We subsume vouchers determined as Schismus arabicus under S. barbatus for similar reasons.
The checklist contains 260 distinct taxa.
Of those 260 entries, 241 were from our field work; 139 of them have voucher records; and 68 have iNaturalist observations, with most of those 260 entries coming from two or three of those sources. All of the 260 entries were either from our field work or from vouchers, with no additional entries solely from iNaturalist observations.
Of the 19 vouchered species that we have not seen here, we are skeptical that some of are actually found in this area. Examples include Cryptantha micrantha var. lepida, Gilia brecciarum ssp. neglecta, and Saltugilia caruifolia. These may either be misdetermined or mislocated vouchers, or just yet more examples of how species can surprise us.
Although the checklist has both varieties ambigua and rugosa of Sphaeralcea ambigua, it is possible that there is only one taxon here that is somewhat arbitrarily split into those two varieties.
Checklist for Coyote Creek First to Third Crossing Area See also Carla Hoegen and Fred Melgert's plant list for this area that contains information about when a given species was observed, and whether it was blooming or not.
See:
- Notes on the Scientific Names Used At This Site and
- Information about the links from the Scientific Name and Common Name.
An asterisk before the common name indicates a non-native species.
The column labeled #V gives the number of vouchers from this area, from a search first on 18 December 2015, and then again on 2 December 2017.
The column labeled #Pls gives a minimum estimate of the number of plants. Non-numeric entries are for species for which no abundance estimate was made. A KM in this column indicates a species observed by Keir Morse. A FC in this column indicates a species observed by Fred Melgert and Carla Hoegen. A fc in this column indicates a species observed by Fred Melgert and Carla Hoegen, but for which it is not known whether it is in the First to Third Crossing area, or outside that area above or below stream. An iNat in this column indicates a species from an iNaturalist observation, that was not seen by any of us or vouchered.
Version for printing, without lines and other text on this page: html (7 pages) or pdf Clickbook booklet (2 double-sided pages). (See printing instructions for an explanation of these options)
Voucher data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/)
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Copyright © 2017-2020 by Tom Chester (10.7), Carla Hoegen (11), Fred Melgert (11), Mike Crouse (3.2), Jim Roberts (2), Nancy Accola (2), Kate Harper (1.2), Walt Fidler (1), Keir Morse (1), Wayne Armstrong (1), Adrienne Ballwey (1), and Joe Woods (1). The number in parentheses is the number of equivalent full-day surveys done by each author.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce any or all of this page as long as credit is given to us at this source:
http://tchester.org/sd/plants/floras/coyote_creek_first_to_third_xing.html
Comments and feedback: Tom Chester
Last update: 25 January 2020