Flora of Borrego Palm Canyon

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Introduction
Location
Procedure For Compiling The Checklist
Important Caveats
Checklist

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Introduction

Borrego Palm Canyon is the most famous and most visited area in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. It was originally called just Palm Canyon, and was well named since it has the third largest collection of palms in California, after Palm Canyon and Murray Canyon in Palm Springs. Randall Henderson, editor and publisher of Desert Magazine, counted 778 palm trees in the winter of 1940. The Canyon was eventually renamed Borrego Palm Canyon to prevent confusion with Palm Canyon in Palm Springs.

The Canyon was the first piece of property in what was then called Borrego Palms Desert State Park, one of the first State Parks in 1933. The Park Headquarters was originally located at the mouth of the Canyon until around 1957. The 1.4 mile Nature Trail leading to the first palm grove was built in 1933 with hand tools by the first park rangers. The Alternate Trail was built in the late 1960s by the La Cima honor camp inmates, and was known as the La Cima trail briefly. (Source for the historical information: Anza-Borrego A to Z, Diana Lindsay, 2001.)

The Canyon is without question one of the most delightful and special places in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park for a number of reasons. Among them are:

• The Canyon has a year-round stream within a narrow canyon. Other streams have more water (Coyote Creek and the San Felipe River have twice as much on average), but none of them tumble down such a steep course in a narrow lengthy canyon.

• The Canyon is simply beautiful with its combination of Palm Oases, riparian habitat, desert vegetation, steep slopes that create plentiful shade, and exposed rock.

• An easy well-marked trail leads to a waterfall and the first Palm Grove.

• Bighorn sheep are frequently seen here.

• The Canyon is extensive. The Canyon's mouth is at an elevation of 800 feet, and its origin is the highest point in San Diego County, 6407 foot Hot Springs Mountain, 10 miles west-northwest of its mouth. The stream drains an area of 22 square miles.

• The Canyon probably has the highest floristic diversity of any area in the Borrego Desert, from the montane forest in its upper reaches to the desert vegetation at its mouth.

The Canyon also is one of the most reliable places to see flowers in the Borrego Desert. It gets more water than places to its east, due to "spillover rain" from the mountain crest to the west during conditions of orographic rain, which is the most frequent type of rain southern California gets in the winter. Borrego Palm Canyon can sometimes get up to an inch of rain from such storms, whereas locations five miles east get nothing.

February and March flowers also survive better here than points east, for reasons I can only speculate about. Even after long periods without rainfall, the annuals on the alluvial slopes away from the stream can look happy here while annuals to the east are dying. This may be due to a combination of increased shade here, resulting in less evaporation from the soil, along with higher humidity levels at night that might give plants extra water from condensation.

The increased shade is due to earlier sunsets from the higher terrain to the west, plus extensive shade within the canyon itself from its southern walls coupled with the low sun angle in the wintertime. Even places not shaded by the southern walls might benefit from lower maximum daytime temperatures due to nearby shade.

This checklist is a pretty good start at a flora of Borrego Palm Canyon for two reasons. First, many botanists have visited the Canyon over a period of decades and collected specimens. Although I haven't yet retrieved the online vouchers for all areas of the Borrego Desert, I'd be very surprised if any other area of the Borrego Desert had more vouchers than here.

Second, I have spent 15 days from 2003 to 2007 surveying the 3.1 mile Nature Trail / Alternate Trail loop. Seven of those days were in the glorious 2005 prime season that produced a number of new records for the Borrego Desert. On most of those trips I was accompanied by the coauthors of our Plant Guide to that trail. My co-workers and I have also surveyed the Alternate Wash once so far.

Thus the list below is probably the most complete for any area of the Borrego Desert. However, many areas of Borrego Palm Canyon have not yet been explored, so more species will be added to the list in the future.

This checklist is only a start at the flora of this Canyon, since many of the entries come from vouchers I haven't yet reviewed, and I haven't yet vouchered all of the new records I have found so that my determinations can be reviewed. This checklist can only be considered a decent flora after I finish both of those tasks. This checklist will be revised as I work on both of those tasks.

Location

Borrego Palm Canyon is directly west of Borrego Springs:

Only the portion of the Canyon below an elevation of 3000 feet is included in the Flora presented here. The boundaries of this Flora are shown in red in the map below (BPC = Borrego Palm Canyon):

The 3000 feet elevation contour is the jagged line on the left. The straight red lines are the lower-elevation boundaries for this area. The divide on the north is with Henderson Canyon, and the divide on the south is with Hellhole Canyon. The eastern boundary is taken as Borrego Springs Road for now, although I may move that boundary west to the State Park Boundary in the future.

Nearly all of this area in the Canyon is very rugged and has not been explored botanically. The main area of previous study is along the stream and the trails, shown in detail in the next map:

The 1.4 mile long Nature Trail is shown in blue, with two parallel sections in its north-south middle section. The western section is the pre-2003 route; the eastern section is the post-2003 flood route; see details on the changes.

The 1.2 mile Alternate Trail is shown in green. My Plant Guide is to the loop going up the Nature Trail to the first Palm Grove, then retracing the Nature Trail to the junction with the Alternate Trail, and taking the Alternate Trail down.

The red lines near the parking shown the route surveyed on 6 February 2008 for a flora of the Alternate Wash.

Procedure For Compiling The Checklist

The Checklist was compiled from online vouchers and from field work done by myself and coworkers.

The vouchers were obtained from combining several searches of the Consortium of California Herbaria with a search of the San Diego County Plant Atlas, on 7 February 2008.

The first search of the Consortium vouchers retrieved all vouchers bounded by latitudes 33.265 to 33.301° and longitudes of -116.478 and -116.375°. The search retrieved 245 vouchers.

A second search was for all vouchers with the words Borrego and Palm in their locality. (I realized later I should have also searched for Borego, the older spelling for Borrego; I'll do that in the future). That search retrieved 707 vouchers, many of which were in other areas or duplicated taxa found in the first search and were removed. Vouchers that said only Upper Palm Canyon were accepted for now, even though they may have been taken at elevations above 3000 feet. I will work in the future to make sure the final Checklist includes only taxa definitely found below 3000 feet.

The combination of the two searches yielded 384 vouchers of 196 taxa.

Unfortunately, there is no way to search the San Diego County Plant Atlas / San Diego Natural History Museum Herbaria on latitude and longitude, so I couldn't perform the same search for records in the Plant Atlas that have not yet appeared in the Consortium database. But, fortunately, grid cell F23 covers most of my targeted area with only a little extra coverage to the south in the Hellhole Canyon drainage. Grid cell F23 spans latitudes 33.254 to 33.298° and longitudes of -116.458 to -116.430°.

There were 17 additional species found in the Plant Atlas / SD Herbarium vouchers, and I have included them for now in the Flora below. When I get the actual detailed records from the Plant Atlas / SD Herbarium, I will review them and remove those not in the targeted area.

There are thus 213 total taxa vouchered from this Canyon in the Checklist below.

By coincidence, Wayne Armstrong, James Dillane and Michael Charters and I have found the same number of total taxa so far on the loop trail, 213, but our list is substantially different from the list of vouchered taxa. Note that not all of our observed taxa are 100% identified yet, since some were never observed in bloom. Those taxa with only 95% confident determinations are noted in the Checklist.

Of our 213 observed taxa, 119 taxa appear in the list of taxa vouchered from this area, leaving 94 taxa as so-far-unvouchered new records for this Canyon, at least in terms of online vouchers. Of those 94, 29 taxa are recorded in the 1985 Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Anza-Borrego Desert by Duffie Clemons as having been vouchered here or someplace else in Floristic Area #16. Thus at least 65 of those taxa remain to be vouchered.

The number of new records from our trail work is not known yet, since several local herbaria have not finished digitized their vouchers yet. Also, I have already vouchered some of the new taxa found by us, which are counted in the 119 total.

The survey of the Alternate Wash by Wayne Armstrong, Kate Shapiro, Bill Sullivan and myself yielded 57 taxa identified with high enough confidence to list in the following checklist, along with ten other taxa that could not yet be identified due to lack of flowers. Of the 57 taxa, three taxa were species not found on the loop trail, all of which had been vouchered here.

There are thus 216 total taxa that have been located precisely in the field.

The combination of the vouchers and field surveys was then processed to remove probable duplication, and to make the taxa consistent with the 1985 Checklist, by assigning subspecies and varieties to vouchers only determined to the species. The subspecies and varieties were always the nominative ones, which is probably what was meant anyway for the voucher determination, with the exception that the voucher of Artemisia ludoviciana was assigned to ssp. incompta.

The above procedure yielded the 305 taxa given in the checklist below.

Note added 21 January 2016: the flora has been updated from four subsequent surveys of Borrego Palm Canyon, but the above text has not yet been revised with that information.

Note added 5 December 2019. The flora has been updated from iNat observations. While doing so, I noticed a number of species, with Borrego Palm Canyon locations in iNat, that almost surely were not found in Borrego Palm Canyon. Further investigation showed that those species came from two observers that had erroneous locations for their observations. In one case, an observer had attempted to assign locations to his photos from memory, and was badly off in some cases. In the other case, the observer simply used a location in Borrego Palm Canyon "as the central location of the many we visited over a 4 day period", but without assigning an appropriate error radius for his location.

Excluding those species, iNat observations added 11 species to the flora.

Important Caveats

Please note the following important caveats about this preliminary Checklist:

• I have not looked at any of the vouchers yet, so I cannot vouch for their determinations. I have checked only the names of the taxa to make sure it was not unreasonable for them to occur here.

• Some of the vouchers may be from higher elevations, and will not appear in later updates of this Checklist.

• Some taxa present in the checklist only from our observations have not been 100% identified yet, since they were never observed in bloom. Those taxa with at least a 95% confident determination are noted in the Checklist with a "~" before their common and scientific names.

Checklist for Borrego Palm Canyon

See:

• Notes on the Scientific Names Used At This Site and
• Information about the order in which the species are presented, and the links from the Scientific Name and Common Name.

An asterisk before the common name indicates a non-native species.

The column #V gives the number of vouchers found in this area, as detailed above.

The column #iN gives the number of iNaturalist observations found in this area, up to a maximum of 99.

The column #Pls gives the minimum number of plants observed in the sum of all field surveys, up to a maximum number of 99. An "x" in this column indicates a species for which no abundance estimate has been made. These are often "wash-down" species, that are present only when brought down from higher elevation by a flash flood; monsoonal species, present only in years with good summer rains; or found in the upper canyon that we rarely visit. When we next see them, we'll estimate their abundances.

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#	Fam	Scientific Name	(*)Common Name	#V	#iN	#Pls
Lycophytes
1	Sel	Selaginella eremophila	desert spike-moss	3	1	99
Ferns
2	Equ	Equisetum Xferrissii	Ferriss' horsetail		6	50
3	Pte	Adiantum capillus-veneris	maidenhair fern	4		53
4	Pte	Cheilanthes covillei	beady lipfern	2		10
5	Pte	Cheilanthes parryi	woolly lipfern	9	11	99
6	Pte	Cheilanthes viscida	sticky lipfern	4	2	50
7	Pte	Notholaena californica ssp. californica	California cloak fern	3	2	10
8	Pte	Pellaea mucronata var. mucronata	bird's-foot fern	1	1
9	Pte	Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis	goldback fern	2
Gymnosperms
10	Cup	Juniperus californica	California juniper	3	1	55
11	Eph	Ephedra aspera	Mormon tea	6	4	75
12	Eph	Ephedra californica	desert tea	2	1	x
Magnoliids
13	Sau	Anemopsis californica	yerba mansa		1
Eudicots
14	Aca	Carlowrightia arizonica	Arizona carlowrightia	2		5
15	Aca	Justicia californica	chuparosa	7	99	99
16	Ama	Amaranthus albus	*tumble pigweed			1
17	Ama	Amaranthus fimbriatus	fringed amaranth			x
18	Ana	Rhus ovata	sugar bush	2	2	x
19	Api	Apiastrum angustifolium	wild celery	2
20	Api	Apium graveolens	*celery			2
21	Api	Daucus pusillus	rattlesnake weed			10
22	Api	Oenanthe sarmentosa	water-parsley	1
23	Apo	Funastrum cynanchoides var. hartwegii	climbing milkweed	9	4	21
24	Apo	Funastrum hirtellum	rambling milkweed		1
25	Ast	Adenophyllum porophylloides	San Felipe dogweed	3		46
26	Ast	Ambrosia dumosa	burroweed	4	35	99
27	Ast	Ambrosia psilostachya	western ragweed			99
28	Ast	Ambrosia salsola var. salsola	cheesebush	7	63	99
29	Ast	Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. albula	white mugwort	1
30	Ast	Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana	silver wormwood			2
31	Ast	Baccharis brachyphylla	short-leaved baccharis			1
32	Ast	Baccharis salicifolia ssp. salicifolia	mule fat	2	1	16
33	Ast	Baccharis sergiloides	desert baccharis	1		3
34	Ast	Bahiopsis parishii	Parish's goldeneye	4	7	99
35	Ast	Baileya pauciradiata	Colorado Desert marigold	1	2
36	Ast	Bebbia juncea var. aspera	sweetbush	5	24	99
37	Ast	Brickellia desertorum	desert brickellia		1	10
38	Ast	Brickellia frutescens	shrubby brickellia	1
39	Ast	Chaenactis artemisiifolia	meally white pincushion	1		20
40	Ast	Chaenactis carphoclinia var. carphoclinia	pebble pincushion			60
41	Ast	Chaenactis fremontii	Fremont pincushion	6	22	99
42	Ast	Chaenactis stevioides	desert pincushion	1	2
43	Ast	Dicoria canescens	desert dicoria		2	x
44	Ast	Dimorphotheca sinuata	*African daisy			1
45	Ast	Encelia farinosa	brittlebush	7	74	99
46	Ast	Ericameria brachylepis	boundary goldenbush	1	2	7
47	Ast	Erigeron canadensis	horseweed	1		12
48	Ast	Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. confertiflorum	golden yarrow	1
49	Ast	Eriophyllum wallacei	Wallace's woolly daisy		1	1
50	Ast	Gnaphalium palustre	western marsh cudweed			1
51	Ast	Gutierrezia sarothrae	matchweed			40
52	Ast	Isocoma acradenia var. eremophila	solitary-leaved alkali goldenbush	1		10
53	Ast	Lactuca serriola	*prickly lettuce			x
54	Ast	Logfia depressa	dwarf filago		3	20
55	Ast	Logfia filaginoides	California filago	1	3	99
56	Ast	Malacothrix glabrata	desert dandelion	4	43	50
57	Ast	Malacothrix stebbinsii	Stebbins' malacothrix	1
58	Ast	Monoptilon bellioides	desert star	4	7
59	Ast	Oncosiphon piluliferum	*clustered chamomile	1
60	Ast	Palafoxia arida var. arida	Spanish needle	2	6
61	Ast	Pectis papposa var. papposa	chinch-weed			20
62	Ast	Perityle emoryi	Emory's rock-daisy	8	43	99
63	Ast	Pleurocoronis pluriseta	arrow-leaf	6	3	50
64	Ast	Pluchea sericea	arrow-weed	2	15	99
65	Ast	Pseudognaphalium biolettii	bicolored everlasting	1
66	Ast	Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum	*common cudweed	1		18
67	Ast	Pseudognaphalium stramineum	cotton-batting plant			x
68	Ast	Rafinesquia neomexicana	desert chicory	5	31	57
69	Ast	Senecio mohavensis	Mojave ragwort		12	99
70	Ast	Solidago velutina ssp. californica	goldenrod	2		30
71	Ast	Sonchus asper ssp. asper	*prickly sow thistle			1
72	Ast	Sonchus oleraceus	*sow thistle		1	9
73	Ast	Stephanomeria exigua ssp. exigua	slender wreathplant	2
74	Ast	Stephanomeria pauciflora	wire-lettuce	1	4	54
75	Ast	Stylocline micropoides	desert nest straw			x?
76	Ast	Trichoptilium incisum	yellow-head	1	1
77	Ast	Trixis californica var. californica	California trixis	8	16	95
78	Ast	Uropappus lindleyi	silver puffs		3	5
79	Bet	Alnus rhombifolia	white alder	3
80	Big	Chilopsis linearis ssp. arcuata	desert-willow	8	51	42
81	Bor	Amsinckia intermedia	common fiddleneck	9	4	99
82	Bor	Amsinckia tessellata var. tessellata	bristly fiddleneck	2	5
83	Bor	Cryptantha angustifolia	narrow-leaved cryptantha	2	13
84	Bor	Cryptantha barbigera var. barbigera	bearded cryptantha	3	2	99
85	Bor	Cryptantha intermedia var. intermedia	popcorn flower			99
86	Bor	Cryptantha maritima	Guadalupe cryptantha			5
87	Bor	Cryptantha micrantha var. micrantha	red-root cryptantha	1		10
88	Bor	Cryptantha muricata	prickly cryptantha	1		10
89	Bor	Cryptantha racemosa	bushy cryptantha			1
90	Bor	Emmenanthe penduliflora var. penduliflora	whispering bells	6	29	99
91	Bor	Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum	smoothleaf yerba santa	4	3	26
92	Bor	Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia var. bipinnatifida	eucrypta	1	1	20
93	Bor	Nama demissa var. demissa	purple mat	4	19	x
94	Bor	Pectocarya peninsularis	Baja pectocarya		1
95	Bor	Pectocarya recurvata	curvenut combseed	2	3	99
96	Bor	Phacelia affinis	limestone phacelia			x
97	Bor	Phacelia brachyloba	short-lobed phacelia		1	x
98	Bor	Phacelia campanularia ssp. campanularia	desert bluebells		2	30
99	Bor	Phacelia cicutaria var. hispida	caterpillar phacelia	4	11	50
100	Bor	Phacelia crenulata var. ambigua	heliotrope phacelia	1		1
101	Bor	Phacelia crenulata var. minutiflora	little-flowered heliotrope phacelia	1	1
102	Bor	Phacelia cryptantha	limestone phacelia	1
103	Bor	Phacelia distans	common phacelia	9	51	99
104	Bor	Phacelia minor	wild canterbury bells	2	34	99
105	Bor	Phacelia pedicellata	pedicellate phacelia	5	3
106	Bor	Phacelia ramosissima	branching phacelia	1		2
107	Bor	Pholistoma membranaceum	white fiesta flower	5	13	99
108	Bor	Plagiobothrys arizonicus	Arizona popcorn flower			1
109	Bra	Boechera perennans	perennial rock-cress	1
110	Bra	Brassica tournefortii	*Sahara mustard	2	13	99
111	Bra	Capsella bursa-pastoris	*shepherd's purse	1
112	Bra	Caulanthus hallii	Hall's caulanthus	1		3
113	Bra	Caulanthus heterophyllus var. heterophyllus	San Diego jewelflower			x
114	Bra	Caulanthus lasiophyllus	California mustard	1	1	30
115	Bra	Caulanthus simulans	Payson's wild cabbage			1
116	Bra	Descurainia pinnata	western tansy-mustard	7	2	99
117	Bra	Dithyrea californica	spectacle-pod	1	1
118	Bra	Draba cuneifolia	wedge-leaved draba	4	1
119	Bra	Lepidium lasiocarpum ssp. lasiocarpum	hairy-podded pepper-grass	3	4	99
120	Bra	Lyrocarpa coulteri	Coulter's lyrepod			3
121	Bra	Nasturtium officinale	water cress	1	1	99
122	Bra	Sisymbrium altissimum	*tumble-mustard	1
123	Bra	Sisymbrium irio	*London rocket	2	10	99
124	Bra	Sisymbrium orientale	*Oriental mustard	1	1	99
125	Bra	Streptanthella longirostris	longbeak streptanthella	2
126	Bra	Thysanocarpus curvipes	fringe-pod	1	2	30
127	Bra	Thysanocarpus laciniatus	lace-pod	1
128	Cac	Cylindropuntia bigelovii	teddy-bear cholla		3	30
129	Cac	Cylindropuntia echinocarpa	silver cholla		5
130	Cac	Cylindropuntia ganderi	Gander's cholla	1	65	99
131	Cac	Echinocereus engelmannii	Engelmann's hedgehog cactus		1	25
132	Cac	Ferocactus cylindraceus	California barrel cactus	2	30	99
133	Cac	Mammillaria dioica	California fish-hook cactus	1	4	35
134	Cac	Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris	beavertail cactus		66	99
135	Cac	Opuntia phaeacantha	desert prickly-pear		2
136	Cam	Nemacladus glanduliferus	glandular nemacladus	4		x
137	Cam	Nemacladus rubescens	desert nemacladus	2
138	Car	Achyronychia cooperi	frost mat	2		2
139	Car	Cerastium glomeratum	*mouse-ear chickweed			x
140	Car	Loeflingia squarrosa	spreading loeflingia	2		x
141	Car	Silene antirrhina	snapdragon campion	1		20
142	Che	Atriplex polycarpa	cattle saltbush			25
143	Che	Chenopodium album	*white goosefoot			1
144	Che	Chenopodium murale	*nettle-leaved goosefoot	1	3	50
145	Che	Salsola paulsenii	*Paulsen's Russian thistle			5
146	Con	Cuscuta californica var. californica	California dodder	1
147	Cra	Crassula connata	pygmy-weed		6	99
148	Cra	Dudleya arizonica	Arizona chalk dudleya		2
149	Cra	Dudleya saxosa ssp. aloides	desert dudleya	1	2	35
150	Cro	Crossosoma bigelovii	rock crossosoma	4	1	75
151	Cuc	Cucurbita palmata	coyote melon	1	2	1
152	Dat	Datisca glomerata	Durango root	1		2
153	Eup	Bernardia incana	western bernardia	2
154	Eup	Chamaesyce arizonica	Arizona spurge	2		30
155	Eup	Chamaesyce melanadenia	red-gland spurge	1
156	Eup	Chamaesyce micromera	Sonoran spurge			3
157	Eup	Chamaesyce polycarpa	small-seeded spurge	4	1	56
158	Eup	Chamaesyce setiloba	starfish (Yuma) spurge			20
159	Eup	Croton californicus	California croton		11	50
160	Eup	Ditaxis lanceolata	narrowleaf ditaxis	9	21	99
161	Eup	Euphorbia eriantha	beetle spurge	3		20
162	Fab	Acmispon argophyllus var. argophyllus	southern California silver-lotus			5
163	Fab	Acmispon glaber var. brevialatus	short-winged deerweed	1	1	45
164	Fab	Acmispon haydonii	pygmy lotus	3
165	Fab	Acmispon heermannii var. heermannii	silky lotus	1
166	Fab	Acmispon maritimus var. brevivexillus	short-bannered coastal lotus		4	10
167	Fab	Acmispon micranthus	San Diego birdsfoot lotus	2		99
168	Fab	Acmispon rigidus	desert lotus	1	3	3
169	Fab	Acmispon strigosus	strigose lotus	2	1	50
170	Fab	Amorpha fruticosa	western false-indigo	4
171	Fab	Astragalus nuttallianus var. cedrosensis	Cedros milk-vetch			10
172	Fab	Astragalus palmeri	Palmer's milk-vetch	2		1
173	Fab	Dalea mollissima	downy dalea	1
174	Fab	Lupinus arizonicus	Arizona lupine	1	16	x
175	Fab	Lupinus concinnus	bajada lupine	5	3	15
176	Fab	Lupinus sparsiflorus	Coulter's lupine	1		99
177	Fab	Medicago lupulina	*black medick	1
178	Fab	Medicago polymorpha	*California burclover			10
179	Fab	Melilotus albus	*white sweetclover	1		x
180	Fab	Melilotus indicus	*sourclover	2	3	30
181	Fab	Olneya tesota	ironwood		20	5
182	Fab	Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	honey mesquite	3	29	99
183	Fab	Psorothamnus schottii	indigo bush	9	28	20
184	Fab	Psorothamnus spinosus	smoke tree		5	3
185	Fab	Senegalia greggii	catclaw	2	23	99
186	Fab	Trifolium variegatum	variegated clover		1
187	Fab	Trifolium willdenovii	tomcat clover			x
188	Fou	Fouquieria splendens ssp. splendens	ocotillo	1	84	99
189	Gen	Zeltnera exaltata	desert centaury		4
190	Ger	Erodium cicutarium	*redstem filaree		8	99
191	Ger	Erodium texanum	Texas filaree			50
192	Kra	Krameria bicolor	white rhatany	5	6	25
193	Kra	Krameria erecta	Pima rhatany	4	19	99
194	Lam	Hyptis emoryi	desert-lavender	9	99	99
195	Lam	Salvia apiana	white sage	2	1	1
196	Lam	Salvia columbariae	chia	2	20	99
197	Lam	Salvia eremostachya	desert sage	2		1
198	Lam	Salvia vaseyi	Vasey's sage	9	3	11
199	Lam	Stachys ajugoides var. rigida	rigid hedge-nettle	1		x
200	Loa	Mentzelia desertorum	desert blazing star	1
201	Loa	Mentzelia involucrata	bracted blazing star	1
202	Loa	Petalonyx thurberi ssp. thurberi	Thurber's sandpaper-plant		2	3
203	Lyt	Lythrum californicum	California loosestrife			22
204	Mal	Ayenia compacta	ayenia	8		8
205	Mal	Eremalche exilis	white mallow		4	99
206	Mal	Hibiscus denudatus	rock hibiscus	9	34	99
207	Mal	Horsfordia newberryi	Newberry's velvet mallow	7		75
208	Mal	Malacothamnus aboriginum	Indian Valley bush mallow	1
209	Mal	Sphaeralcea ambigua	apricot mallow	3	41
210	Mal	Sphaeralcea ambigua var. ambigua	apricot mallow	4	3	99
211	Mal	Sphaeralcea ambigua var. rosacea	rosy apricot mallow	3
212	Mol	Mollugo cerviana	*carpet-weed	1
213	Mon	Calandrinia ciliata	red maids			1
214	Mon	Calyptridium monandrum	sand cress	5	3	99
215	Mon	Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora	narrow-leaved miner's lettuce			5
216	Mon	Claytonia parviflora ssp. viridis	green miner's lettuce			10
217	Mon	Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata	miner's lettuce			1
218	Nyc	Abronia villosa var. villosa	hairy sand-verbena		15
219	Nyc	Allionia incarnata	trailing four o'clock		10	50
220	Nyc	Boerhavia coccinea	scarlet spiderling	6	2	2
221	Nyc	Boerhavia triquetra var. intermedia	fivewing spiderling	1		99
222	Nyc	Mirabilis laevis var. retrorsa	Bigelow's desert four-o'clock	1	24	73
223	Nyc	Mirabilis tenuiloba	slender-lobed four o'clock	4		61
224	Ona	Camissonia strigulosa	strigose suncup			x
225	Ona	Camissoniopsis pallida ssp. pallida	pale suncup	6	17	50
226	Ona	Chylismia claviformis ssp. peirsonii	brown-eyed primrose	4	30	99
227	Ona	Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium	mountain California-fuchsia	2		99
228	Ona	Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum	willowherb			20
229	Ona	Eremothera boothii ssp. condensata	Booth's evening primrose	3
230	Ona	Eulobus californicus	California suncup	3	13	99
231	Ona	Oenothera elata ssp. hirsutissima	Hooker's evening-primrose			81
232	Oro	Castilleja minor ssp. spiralis	lesser paintbrush	1	7
233	Pap	Argemone munita	prickly poppy	2	1	3
234	Pap	Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp. minutiflora	small-flowered poppy	4	20	40
235	Pap	Eschscholzia parishii	Parish's poppy	4	42	40
236	Phr	Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens	long-flowered bush monkeyflower	1
237	Phr	Mimulus bigelovii var. bigelovii	Bigelow's monkeyflower	6	67	99
238	Phr	Mimulus cardinalis	scarlet monkeyflower		1	x
239	Phr	Mimulus floribundus	floriferous monkeyflower			1
240	Phr	Mimulus guttatus	common monkeyflower	1	8	6
241	Pla	Antirrhinum coulterianum	Coulter's snapdragon			5
242	Pla	Antirrhinum filipes	desert twining snapdragon	1		1
243	Pla	Collinsia concolor	southern Chinese houses			x
244	Pla	Keckiella antirrhinoides var. microphylla	little-leaved chaparral beardtongue	3
245	Pla	Linaria bipartita	*split-lip toadflax	1
246	Pla	Mohavea confertiflora	ghost flower	3	25
247	Pla	Penstemon clevelandii var. clevelandii	Cleveland's beardtongue	1	2	5
248	Pla	Plantago ovata	desert plantain		2	99
249	Pla	Veronica anagallis-aquatica	*water speedwell	1	3	5
250	Pla	Platanus racemosa	western sycamore	4	4	5
251	Pol	Eriastrum diffusum	miniature woolly-star	1
252	Pol	Eriastrum eremicum ssp. eremicum	desert woolly-star	3	3
253	Pol	Gilia capitata ssp. abrotanifolia	globe gilia	1		1
254	Pol	Gilia ochroleuca ssp. exilis	volcanic gilia			5
255	Pol	Gilia stellata	star gilia	7	3	30
256	Pol	Langloisia setosissima ssp. setosissima	bristly langloisia	1	1
257	Pol	Leptosiphon floribundus ssp. glaber	summer snow	1
258	Pol	Loeseliastrum matthewsii	desert calico	3	3
259	Pol	Loeseliastrum schottii	Schott's calico	4	4
260	Pol	Saltugilia australis	southern gilia			10
261	Pol	Saltugilia latimeri	Latimer's woodland-gilia		1
262	Pol	Chorizanthe brevicornu var. brevicornu	brittle spineflower	2	6	10
263	Pol	Chorizanthe fimbriata var. laciniata	lace-fringed spineflower			1
264	Pol	Chorizanthe rigida	devil's spineflower			x
265	Pol	Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium	California buckwheat	1	1	17
266	Pol	Eriogonum inflatum	desert trumpet	3	7	40
267	Pol	Eriogonum reniforme	kidney-leaf buckwheat	1
268	Pol	Eriogonum thomasii	Thomas' buckwheat	3	2
269	Pol	Eriogonum wrightii var. nodosum	Wright's buckwheat			85
270	Pol	Pterostegia drymarioides	fairy bowties, threadstem	1	3	99
271	Pol	Rumex conglomeratus	*whorled dock			6
272	Ran	Delphinium parishii ssp. subglobosum	intermediate larkspur	6	2	25
273	Rha	Ziziphus parryi var. parryi	lotebush			35
274	Ros	Drymocallis glandulosa	sticky cinquefoil			x?
275	Ros	Prunus fremontii	desert apricot	1		30
276	Rub	Galium angustifolium ssp. borregoense	Borrego bedstraw	4
277	Rub	Galium aparine	common bedstraw			x
278	Rub	Galium stellatum	star-flowered bedstraw	7	2	65
279	Sal	Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii	Fremont cottonwood		9	11
280	Sal	Salix exigua var. exigua	narrowleaf willow		11	62
281	Sal	Salix laevigata	red willow		4	2
282	Sim	Simmondsia chinensis	jojoba	1	4	75
283	Sol	Datura discolor	desert thornapple	2		40
284	Sol	Datura wrightii	sacred datura	2	7	70
285	Sol	Lycium andersonii	Anderson's boxthorn		3	99
286	Sol	Nicotiana obtusifolia	desert tobacco	6	7	44
287	Sol	Physalis crassifolia	thick-leaved ground cherry	2	6	10
288	Sol	Solanum douglasii	white nightshade	3		1
289	Tam	Tamarix ramosissima	*saltcedar		3	5
290	Urt	Parietaria hespera var. hespera	pellitory	4		99
291	Urt	Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea	stinging nettle			10
292	Vis	Phoradendron californicum	desert mistletoe	4	7	62
293	Vit	Vitis girdiana	wild grape	1
294	Zyg	Fagonia laevis	California fagonia	1	14	21
295	Zyg	Kallstroemia californica	California caltrop	1
296	Zyg	Larrea tridentata	creosote bush	1	85	99
297	Zyg	Tribulus terrestris	*puncture-vine	1
Monocots
298	Aga	Agave deserti var. deserti	desert agave		9	99
299	Aga	Hesperoyucca whipplei	chaparral yucca			5
300	All	Allium haematochiton	red-skinned onion	3
301	Ara	Lemna minuta	duckweed			99
302	Are	Washingtonia filifera	California fan palm	7	75	99
303	Cyp	Eleocharis parishii	Parish's spikerush	1	1	50
304	Cyp	Schoenoplectus acutus var. occidentalis	common tule	1		5
305	Cyp	Schoenoplectus americanus	American tule		2	99
306	Jun	Juncus mexicanus	Mexican rush			99
307	Jun	Juncus rugulosus	wrinkled rush			20
308	Jun	Juncus xiphioides	iris-leaved rush	1		41
309	Orc	Epipactis gigantea	stream orchid	1
310	Poa	Aristida adscensionis	six-weeks three-awn	2		30
311	Poa	Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi	Nealley three-awn	1
312	Poa	Aristida ternipes var. gentilis	hook three-awn	1
313	Poa	Avena barbata	*slender wild oats	1		6
314	Poa	Bothriochloa barbinodis	cane bluestem	1		2
315	Poa	Bouteloua aristidoides var. aristidoides	needle grama			30
316	Poa	Bouteloua barbata var. barbata	six-weeks grama	1
317	Poa	Bromus carinatus var. carinatus	California brome			10
318	Poa	Bromus diandrus	*ripgut brome			30
319	Poa	Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens	*red brome	2	3	99
320	Poa	Bromus tectorum	*downy brome			20
321	Poa	Cynodon dactylon	*Bermuda grass			5
322	Poa	Distichlis spicata	saltgrass			11
323	Poa	Festuca bromoides	*brome fescue			x
324	Poa	Festuca myuros	*rattail fescue	1		5
325	Poa	Festuca octoflora	hairy six-weeks fescue			10
326	Poa	Hilaria rigida	big galleta	3	15	99
327	Poa	Hordeum murinum	*foxtail barley		1	x
328	Poa	Imperata brevifolia	satintail		1
329	Poa	Melica frutescens	tall melica			16
330	Poa	Muhlenbergia microsperma	littleseed muhly	1
331	Poa	Muhlenbergia rigens	deergrass	1		3
332	Poa	Pennisetum setaceum	*fountain grass	2	39	99
333	Poa	Phragmites australis	common reed		3	10
334	Poa	Poa bigelovii	Bigelow's blue grass			1
335	Poa	Polypogon interruptus	*ditch beard grass	1	1
336	Poa	Polypogon monspeliensis	*rabbits-foot grass	2		28
337	Poa	Polypogon viridis	*green bentgrass			10
338	Poa	Schismus barbatus	*Mediterranean schismus	1	3	99
339	The	Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum	blue dicks	1
340	The	Muilla maritima	muilla		1	10
341	Typ	Typha domingensis	southern cattail			70

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• Plants of Southern California: Regional Floras