Flora of Borrego Palm Canyon

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Introduction
Location
Procedure For Compiling The Checklist
Important Caveats
Checklist

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Introduction

Borrego Palm Canyon is the most famous and most visited area in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. It was originally called just Palm Canyon, and was well named since it has the third largest collection of palms in California, after Palm Canyon and Murray Canyon in Palm Springs. Randall Henderson, editor and publisher of Desert Magazine, counted 778 palm trees in the winter of 1940. The Canyon was eventually renamed Borrego Palm Canyon to prevent confusion with Palm Canyon in Palm Springs.

The Canyon was the first piece of property in what was then called Borrego Palms Desert State Park, one of the first State Parks in 1933. The Park Headquarters was originally located at the mouth of the Canyon until around 1957. The 1.4 mile Nature Trail leading to the first palm grove was built in 1933 with hand tools by the first park rangers. The Alternate Trail was built in the late 1960s by the La Cima honor camp inmates, and was known as the La Cima trail briefly. (Source for the historical information: Anza-Borrego A to Z, Diana Lindsay, 2001.)

The Canyon is without question one of the most delightful and special places in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park for a number of reasons. Among them are:

• The Canyon has a year-round stream within a narrow canyon. Other streams have more water (Coyote Creek and the San Felipe River have twice as much on average), but none of them tumble down such a steep course in a narrow lengthy canyon.

• The Canyon is simply beautiful with its combination of Palm Oases, riparian habitat, desert vegetation, steep slopes that create plentiful shade, and exposed rock.

• An easy well-marked trail leads to a waterfall and the first Palm Grove.

• Bighorn sheep are frequently seen here.

• The Canyon is extensive. The Canyon's mouth is at an elevation of 800 feet, and its origin is the highest point in San Diego County, 6407 foot Hot Springs Mountain, 10 miles west-northwest of its mouth. The stream drains an area of 22 square miles.

• The Canyon probably has the highest floristic diversity of any area in the Borrego Desert, from the montane forest in its upper reaches to the desert vegetation at its mouth.

The Canyon also is one of the most reliable places to see flowers in the Borrego Desert. It gets more water than places to its east, due to "spillover rain" from the mountain crest to the west during conditions of orographic rain, which is the most frequent type of rain southern California gets in the winter. Borrego Palm Canyon can sometimes get up to an inch of rain from such storms, whereas locations five miles east get nothing.

February and March flowers also survive better here than points east, for reasons I can only speculate about. Even after long periods without rainfall, the annuals on the alluvial slopes away from the stream can look happy here while annuals to the east are dying. This may be due to a combination of increased shade here, resulting in less evaporation from the soil, along with higher humidity levels at night that might give plants extra water from condensation.

The increased shade is due to earlier sunsets from the higher terrain to the west, plus extensive shade within the canyon itself from its southern walls coupled with the low sun angle in the wintertime. Even places not shaded by the southern walls might benefit from lower maximum daytime temperatures due to nearby shade.

This checklist is a pretty good start at a flora of Borrego Palm Canyon for two reasons. First, many botanists have visited the Canyon over a period of decades and collected specimens. Although I haven't yet retrieved the online vouchers for all areas of the Borrego Desert, I'd be very surprised if any other area of the Borrego Desert had more vouchers than here.

Second, I have spent 15 days from 2003 to 2007 surveying the 3.1 mile Nature Trail / Alternate Trail loop. Seven of those days were in the glorious 2005 prime season that produced a number of new records for the Borrego Desert, including Phacelia nashiana, a RARE species (using Jepson Manual parlance) previously known only from parts of Kern and Inyo Counties. On most of those trips I was accompanied by the coauthors of our Plant Guide to that trail. My co-workers and I have also surveyed the Alternate Wash once so far.

Thus the list below is probably the most complete for any area of the Borrego Desert. However, many areas of Borrego Palm Canyon have not yet been explored, so more species will be added to the list in the future.

This checklist is only a start at the flora of this Canyon, since many of the entries come from vouchers I haven't yet reviewed, and I haven't yet vouchered all of the new records I have found so that my determinations can be reviewed. This checklist can only be considered a decent flora after I finish both of those tasks. This checklist will be revised as I work on both of those tasks.

Location

Borrego Palm Canyon is directly west of Borrego Springs:

Only the portion of the Canyon below an elevation of 3000 feet is included in the Flora presented here. The boundaries of this Flora are shown in red in the map below (BPC = Borrego Palm Canyon):

The 3000 feet elevation contour is the jagged line on the left. The straight red lines are the lower-elevation boundaries for this area. The divide on the north is with Henderson Canyon, and the divide on the south is with Hellhole Canyon. The eastern boundary is taken as Borrego Springs Road for now, although I may move that boundary west to the State Park Boundary in the future.

Nearly all of this area in the Canyon is very rugged and has not been explored botanically. The main area of previous study is along the stream and the trails, shown in detail in the next map:

The 1.4 mile long Nature Trail is shown in blue, with two parallel sections in its north-south middle section. The western section is the pre-2003 route; the eastern section is the post-2003 flood route; see details on the changes.

The 1.2 mile Alternate Trail is shown in green. My Plant Guide is to the loop going up the Nature Trail to the first Palm Grove, then retracing the Nature Trail to the junction with the Alternate Trail, and taking the Alternate Trail down.

The red lines near the parking shown the route surveyed on 6 February 2008 for a flora of the Alternate Wash.

Procedure For Compiling The Checklist

The Checklist was compiled from online vouchers and from field work done by myself and coworkers.

The vouchers were obtained from combining several searches of the Consortium of California Herbaria with a search of the San Diego County Plant Atlas, on 7 February 2008.

The first search of the Consortium vouchers retrieved all vouchers bounded by latitudes 33.265 to 33.301° and longitudes of -116.478 and -116.375°. The search retrieved 245 vouchers.

A second search was for all vouchers with the words Borrego and Palm in their locality. (I realized later I should have also searched for Borego, the older spelling for Borrego; I'll do that in the future). That search retrieved 707 vouchers, many of which were in other areas or duplicated taxa found in the first search and were removed. Vouchers that said only Upper Palm Canyon were accepted for now, even though they may have been taken at elevations above 3000 feet. I will work in the future to make sure the final Checklist includes only taxa definitely found below 3000 feet.

The combination of the two searches yielded 384 vouchers of 196 taxa.

Unfortunately, there is no way to search the San Diego County Plant Atlas / San Diego Natural History Museum Herbaria on latitude and longitude, so I couldn't perform the same search for records in the Plant Atlas that have not yet appeared in the Consortium database. But, fortunately, grid cell F23 covers most of my targeted area with only a little extra coverage to the south in the Hellhole Canyon drainage. Grid cell F23 spans latitudes 33.254 to 33.298° and longitudes of -116.458 to -116.430°.

There were 17 additional species found in the Plant Atlas / SD Herbarium vouchers, and I have included them for now in the Flora below. When I get the actual detailed records from the Plant Atlas / SD Herbarium, I will review them and remove those not in the targeted area.

There are thus 213 total taxa vouchered from this Canyon in the Checklist below.

By coincidence, Wayne Armstrong, James Dillane and Michael Charters and I have found the same number of total taxa so far on the loop trail, 213, but our list is substantially different from the list of vouchered taxa. Note that not all of our observed taxa are 100% identified yet, since some were never observed in bloom. Those taxa with only 95% confident determinations are noted in the Checklist.

Of our 213 observed taxa, 119 taxa appear in the list of taxa vouchered from this area, leaving 94 taxa as so-far-unvouchered new records for this Canyon, at least in terms of online vouchers. Of those 94, 29 taxa are recorded in the 1985 Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Anza-Borrego Desert by Duffie Clemons as having been vouchered here or someplace else in Floristic Area #16. Thus at least 65 of those taxa remain to be vouchered.

The number of new records from our trail work is not known yet, since several local herbaria have not finished digitized their vouchers yet. Also, I have already vouchered some of the new taxa found by us, which are counted in the 119 total.

The survey of the Alternate Wash by Wayne Armstrong, Kate Shapiro, Bill Sullivan and myself yielded 57 taxa identified with high enough confidence to list in the following checklist, along with ten other taxa that could not yet be identified due to lack of flowers. Of the 57 taxa, three taxa were species not found on the loop trail, all of which had been vouchered here.

There are thus 216 total taxa that have been located precisely in the field.

The combination of the vouchers and field surveys was then processed to remove probable duplication, and to make the taxa consistent with the 1985 Checklist, by assigning subspecies and varieties to vouchers only determined to the species. The subspecies and varieties were always the nominative ones, which is probably what was meant anyway for the voucher determination, with the exception that the voucher of Artemisia ludoviciana was assigned to ssp. incompta.

The above procedure yielded the 305 taxa given in the checklist below.

Important Caveats

Please note the following important caveats about this preliminary Checklist:

• I have not looked at any of the vouchers yet, so I cannot vouch for their determinations. I have checked only the names of the taxa to make sure it was not unreasonable for them to occur here.

• Some of the vouchers may be from higher elevations, and will not appear in later updates of this Checklist.

• Some taxa present in the checklist only from our observations have not been 100% identified yet, since they were never observed in bloom. Those taxa with at least a 95% confident determination are noted in the Checklist with a "~" before their common and scientific names.

• This is a very preliminary first draft Checklist, compiled quickly and without review by other knowledgeable botanists, and so well may contain bonehead errors.

Checklist for Borrego Palm Canyon

I make the working list available online for two reasons. First, I know others will appreciate having such a list, even if it is preliminary. Second, I hope I will get feedback from others who find errors or omissions in this list.

The Checklist is sorted first by category - ferns, dicots, and monocots - and then by family and scientific name. The Family and Scientific Name are from the Jepson Manual. An asterisk before the Common Name indicates a non-native taxon.

There are four columns that follow the name for each taxa. The first two columns give a rough estimate of the number of plants, and the number of locations for each species, separately for the loop trail (Trail # Plants) and for the Alternate Wash (Alt Wash # Plants). Maximum values are 99 plants, and 9 locations. The main intent of this column is to indicate the species for which I found very few plants or locations. If a given taxa did not occur on the loop trail itself, but was found slightly off-trail, no estimate of the number of plants is given, and the location is set to a value of 1.

The third column (# BPC) gives the number of vouchers found in Borrego Palm Canyon from the procedure detailed above.

The fourth column (#16) gives the information from the 1985 Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Anza-Borrego Desert by Duffie Clemons for Floristic Area #16, the extended Borrego Valley area. A "V" indicates that Duffie found a voucher for that taxon in the San Diego Natural History Museum in Area #16; a "S" indicates only that Duffie or someone he trusted had sighted that taxon in that area.

This is a working list, about which I make no guarantees at all until I officially release it. Use at your own risk!

Version for printing, without lines and other text on this page: html (12 pages) or pdf Clickbook booklet (3 double-sided pages). (See printing instructions for an explanation of these options)

#	JM Family	Scientific Name	(*)Common Name	Trail # Plants	Alt Wash # Plants	# BPC	#16
1	Pteridaceae	Adiantum capillus-veneris	maidenhair fern			3	V
2	Pteridaceae	Cheilanthes covillei	beady lipfern			2	V
3	Pteridaceae	Cheilanthes parryi	woolly lipfern	20/5	20/5	4	V
4	Pteridaceae	Cheilanthes viscida	sticky lipfern			1	V
5	Pteridaceae	Notholaena californica	California cloak fern	3/3		2	V
6	Pteridaceae	Pellaea mucronata var. mucronata	bird's-foot fern			1	V
7	Pteridaceae	Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis	goldback fern			1	V
8	Selaginellaceae	Selaginella eremophila	desert spike-moss	50/9		1	V
9	Ephedraceae	Ephedra aspera	Mormon tea			5	V
10	Ephedraceae	Ephedra californica	desert tea	/1		2	V
11	Ephedraceae	Ephedra fasciculata var. clokeyi	Clokey's ephedra			1	V
12	Ephedraceae	Ephedra nevadensis	Nevada ephedra	5/5			V
13	Acanthaceae	Carlowrightia arizonica	Arizona carlowrightia		5/1	1	V
14	Acanthaceae	Justicia californica	chuparosa	99/9	99/9	5	V
15	Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus albus	*tumble pigweed	1/1
16	Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus fimbriatus	fringed amaranth	/1			V
17	Anacardiaceae	Rhus ovata	sugar bush			1	V
18	Apiaceae	Apiastrum angustifolium	wild celery			1	V
19	Apiaceae	Apium graveolens	*celery	1/1			V
20	Apiaceae	Daucus pusillus	rattlesnake weed	10/2
21	Apiaceae	Oenanthe sarmentosa	water-parsley			1	V
22	Asclepiadaceae	Sarcostemma cynanchoides ssp. hartwegii	climbing milkweed	3/3		4	V
23	Asteraceae	Adenophyllum porophylloides	San Felipe dogweed	5/5	1/1	2	V
24	Asteraceae	Ambrosia dumosa	burroweed	50/9	50/9	1	V
25	Asteraceae	Ambrosia psilostachya	western ragweed	30/2
26	Asteraceae	Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. albula	white mugwort			1	V
27	Asteraceae	Baccharis salicifolia	mule fat	10/1		1	V
28	Asteraceae	Bebbia juncea var. aspera	sweetbush	20/9		1	V
29	Asteraceae	Brickellia desertorum	desert brickellia	1/1
30	Asteraceae	Brickellia frutescens	shrubby brickellia			1	V
31	Asteraceae	Chaenactis artemisiifolia	meally white pincushion	20/9		1	V
32	Asteraceae	Chaenactis carphoclinia var. carphoclinia	pebble pincushion	10/3	10/1		V
33	Asteraceae	Chaenactis fremontii	Fremont pincushion	99/9	99/9	3	V
34	Asteraceae	Conyza canadensis	horseweed	1/1		1	V
35	Asteraceae	Dicoria canescens	desert dicoria	/1			V
36	Asteraceae	Dimorphotheca sinuata	*African daisy	1/1
37	Asteraceae	Encelia farinosa	brittlebush	99/9	50/9	2	V
38	Asteraceae	Ericameria brachylepis	boundary goldenbush	1/1		1	V
39	Asteraceae	Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. confertiflorum	golden yarrow			1	V
40	Asteraceae	Eriophyllum wallacei	Wallace's woolly daisy	1/1		1	V
41	Asteraceae	Filago californica	California filago	99/9			V
42	Asteraceae	Filago depressa	dwarf filago	20/2
43	Asteraceae	Gnaphalium luteo-album	*common cudweed	2/2		1	V
44	Asteraceae	Gnaphalium palustre	western marsh cudweed	1/1
45	Asteraceae	~Gnaphalium stramineum	~cotton-batting plant	/1
46	Asteraceae	Hymenoclea salsola var. salsola	cheesebush	99/9	50/9	2	V
47	Asteraceae	~Lactuca serriola	~*prickly lettuce	/1			V
48	Asteraceae	Malacothrix glabrata	desert dandelion	50/7		1	V
49	Asteraceae	Matricaria globifera	*clustered chamomile			1	V
50	Asteraceae	Monoptilon bellioides	desert star			2	V
51	Asteraceae	Palafoxia arida var. arida	desert needle			1	V
52	Asteraceae	Pectis papposa var. papposa	chinch-weed	20/5			S
53	Asteraceae	Perityle emoryi	Emory's rock-daisy	99/9	50/9	4	V
54	Asteraceae	Pleurocoronis pluriseta	arrow-leaf	1/1		2	V
55	Asteraceae	Pluchea sericea	arrow-weed	5/2		2	V
56	Asteraceae	Rafinesquia neomexicana	desert chicory	50/9	5/5	2	V
57	Asteraceae	Senecio mohavensis	Mojave ragwort	99/9	30/5		V
58	Asteraceae	Solidago californica	goldenrod	10/1		2	V
59	Asteraceae	Sonchus asper ssp. asper	*prickly sow thistle	1/1
60	Asteraceae	~Sonchus oleraceus	~*sow thistle	2/2			V
61	Asteraceae	Stephanomeria exigua ssp. exigua	slender wreathplant			1	V
62	Asteraceae	Stephanomeria pauciflora var. pauciflora	wire-lettuce	4/2			S
63	Asteraceae	Stylocline micropoides	desert nest straw	/1
64	Asteraceae	Trixis californica var. californica	California trixis	3/3		6	V
65	Asteraceae	Uropappus lindleyi	silver puffs	5/5
66	Asteraceae	Viguiera parishii	Parish's viguiera	20/6		3	V
67	Betulaceae	Alnus rhombifolia	white alder			3	V
68	Bignoniaceae	Chilopsis linearis ssp. arcuata	desert-willow	10/2		4	V
69	Boraginaceae	Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia	common fiddleneck	99/9	20/5	6	V
70	Boraginaceae	Amsinckia tessellata	devil's lettuce			1	V
71	Boraginaceae	Cryptantha angustifolia	narrow-leaved cryptantha			2	V
72	Boraginaceae	Cryptantha barbigera	bearded cryptantha	99/9		1	V
73	Boraginaceae	Cryptantha holoptera	winged cryptantha	1/1			V
74	Boraginaceae	Cryptantha intermedia	popcorn flower	99/9			V
75	Boraginaceae	Cryptantha maritima	Guadalupe cryptantha	/1			V
76	Boraginaceae	Cryptantha micrantha	purple-root cryptantha	/1		1	V
77	Boraginaceae	Cryptantha muricata	prickly cryptantha	10/2		1	V
78	Boraginaceae	Pectocarya platycarpa	broad-fruited combseed			1	V
79	Boraginaceae	Pectocarya recurvata	curvenut combseed	99/9	99/9	2	V
80	Brassicaceae	Brassica tournefortii	*Asian mustard	99/9	99/9	1	V
81	Brassicaceae	Capsella bursa-pastoris	*shepherd's purse			1	V
82	Brassicaceae	Caulanthus hallii	Hall's caulanthus	3/1		1	V
83	Brassicaceae	Caulanthus heterophyllus var. heterophyllus	San Diego jewelflower	/1
84	Brassicaceae	Caulanthus simulans	Payson's wild cabbage	1/1
85	Brassicaceae	Descurainia pinnata ssp. glabra	smooth western tansy-mustard			4	V
86	Brassicaceae	Descurainia pinnata ssp. halictorum	alkali western tansy-mustard	99/9
87	Brassicaceae	Dithyrea californica	spectacle-pod			1	V
88	Brassicaceae	Draba cuneifolia	wedge-leaved draba			2	V
89	Brassicaceae	Guillenia lasiophylla	California mustard	10/1		1	V
90	Brassicaceae	Lepidium lasiocarpum var. lasiocarpum	hairy-podded pepper-grass	99/9	99/9	3	V
91	Brassicaceae	Lyrocarpa coulteri var. palmeri	Coulter's lyrepod	3/3			V
92	Brassicaceae	Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum	water cress	10/1		1	V
93	Brassicaceae	Sisymbrium altissimum	*tumble-mustard			1	V
94	Brassicaceae	Sisymbrium irio	*London rocket	99/9		1	V
95	Brassicaceae	Sisymbrium orientale	*Oriental mustard	20/2		1	V
96	Brassicaceae	Streptanthella longirostris	longbeak streptanthella			2	V
97	Brassicaceae	Thysanocarpus curvipes	fringe-pod	10/2		1	V
98	Cactaceae	Echinocereus engelmannii	Engelmann's hedgehog cactus	/1			V
99	Cactaceae	Ferocactus cylindraceus	California barrel cactus	1/1	2/2		S
100	Cactaceae	Mammillaria dioica	California fish-hook cactus	/1			S
101	Cactaceae	Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris	beavertail cactus	10/9	2/2		V
102	Cactaceae	Opuntia ganderi	Gander's cholla	20/9	50/9	1	V
103	Campanulaceae	Nemacladus glanduliferus var. glanduliferus	glandular nemacladus	/1		2	V
104	Caryophyllaceae	Achyronychia cooperi	frost mat	2/2		2	V
105	Caryophyllaceae	Cerastium glomeratum	*mouse-ear chickweed	/1
106	Caryophyllaceae	Loeflingia squarrosa var. squarrosa	spreading loeflingia	/1		2	V
107	Caryophyllaceae	Silene antirrhina	snapdragon campion	20/3		1	V
108	Chenopodiaceae	Atriplex polycarpa	cattle saltbush	5/1			V
109	Chenopodiaceae	Chenopodium album	*white goosefoot	1/1
110	Chenopodiaceae	Chenopodium murale	*nettle-leaved goosefoot	20/5	30/1	1	V
111	Crassulaceae	Crassula connata	pygmy-weed	40/2	99/9		S
112	Crassulaceae	Dudleya pulverulenta ssp. pulverulenta	California chalk lettuce			1	V
113	Crassulaceae	Dudleya saxosa ssp. aloides	desert dudleya			1	V
114	Crossosomataceae	Crossosoma bigelovii	rock crossosoma	/1		3	V
115	Cucurbitaceae	Cucurbita palmata	coyote melon			1	V
116	Cuscutaceae	Cuscuta californica var. californica	California dodder			1	V
117	Datiscaceae	Datisca glomerata	Durango root	1/1		1	V
118	Euphorbiaceae	Chamaesyce arizonica	Arizona spurge	30/3		3	V
119	Euphorbiaceae	Chamaesyce micromera	Sonoran spurge	3/1			V
120	Euphorbiaceae	Chamaesyce polycarpa	small-seeded spurge	50/9	5/2	3	V
121	Euphorbiaceae	Chamaesyce setiloba	Yuma spurge	20/2			V
122	Euphorbiaceae	Ditaxis lanceolata	narrowleaf ditaxis	99/9	30/9	4	V
123	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia eriantha	beetle spurge	20/5		1	V
124	Fabaceae	Acacia greggii	catclaw	10/3	3/2	2	V
125	Fabaceae	Amorpha fruticosa	western false-indigo			3	V
126	Fabaceae	Astragalus didymocarpus var. dispermus	dwarf white milk-vetch			1	V
127	Fabaceae	Astragalus nuttallianus var. cedrosensis	Cedros milk-vetch	10/1			V
128	Fabaceae	Astragalus palmeri	Palmer's milk-vetch	1/1		1	V
129	Fabaceae	Dalea mollissima	downy dalea			1	V
130	Fabaceae	Lotus argophyllus var. argophyllus	southern California silver-lotus	1/1			S
131	Fabaceae	Lotus hamatus	San Diego birdsfoot lotus	99/9		1	V
132	Fabaceae	Lotus haydonii	pygmy lotus			2	V
133	Fabaceae	Lotus oblongifolius var. oblongifolius	streambank lotus			1	V
134	Fabaceae	Lotus rigidus	desert lotus			1	V
135	Fabaceae	Lotus salsuginosus var. brevivexillus	short-bannered coastal lotus	10/2			V
136	Fabaceae	Lotus scoparius var. brevialatus	short-winged deerweed	3/3		1	V
137	Fabaceae	Lotus strigosus	strigose lotus	50/9		1	V
138	Fabaceae	Lupinus arizonicus	Arizona lupine	/1			V
139	Fabaceae	Lupinus concinnus	bajada lupine	1/1	10/3	3	V
140	Fabaceae	Lupinus sparsiflorus	Coulter's lupine	99/9		1	V
141	Fabaceae	Medicago lupulina	*black medick			1	V
142	Fabaceae	Medicago polymorpha	*California burclover	10/2
143	Fabaceae	Melilotus albus	*white sweetclover	/1		1	V
144	Fabaceae	Melilotus indicus	*sourclover	30/5		1	V
145	Fabaceae	Olneya tesota	ironwood	/1			V
146	Fabaceae	Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	honey mesquite	30/3		2	V
147	Fabaceae	Psorothamnus schottii	indigo bush	10/9	10/2	5	V
148	Fabaceae	~Trifolium willdenovii	~tomcat clover	/1
149	Fouquieriaceae	Fouquieria splendens ssp. splendens	ocotillo	10/4	50/9	1	V
150	Geraniaceae	Erodium cicutarium	*redstem filaree	99/9	99/9		V
151	Geraniaceae	Erodium texanum	Texas filaree		50/1	1	V
152	Hydrophyllaceae	Emmenanthe penduliflora var. penduliflora	whispering bells	99/9	99/9	2	V
153	Hydrophyllaceae	Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum	smoothleaf yerba santa			2	V
154	Hydrophyllaceae	Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. trichocalyx	smoothleaf yerba santa	/1
155	Hydrophyllaceae	Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia var. bipinnatifida	eucrypta	20/2		1	V
156	Hydrophyllaceae	Nama demissum var. demissum	purple mat	/1		2	V
157	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia affinis	limestone phacelia	/1
158	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia brachyloba	short-lobed phacelia	/1
159	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia cicutaria var. hispida	caterpillar phacelia	50/9			V
160	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia crenulata var. ambigua	heliotrope phacelia	1/1			V
161	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia crenulata var. minutiflora	little-flowered heliotrope phacelia			1	V
162	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia cryptantha	limestone phacelia			1	V
163	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia distans	common phacelia	99/9	99/9	8	V
164	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia longipes	long-stalk phacelia			1	V
165	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia minor	wild canterbury bells	99/9	99/9	1	V
166	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia minor X P. parryi	small-flowered wild canterbury bells			1	V
167	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia nashiana	Charlotte's phacelia	30/4		2	V
168	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia pedicellata	pedicellate phacelia			2	V
169	Hydrophyllaceae	Phacelia ramosissima var. latifolia	branching phacelia			1	V
170	Hydrophyllaceae	Pholistoma membranaceum	white fiesta flower	99/9	99/9	3	V
171	Krameriaceae	Krameria erecta	Pima rhatany	20/9	1/1	3	V
172	Krameriaceae	Krameria grayi	white rhatany		2/2	3	V
173	Lamiaceae	Hyptis emoryi	desert lavender	99/9	50/9	8	V
174	Lamiaceae	Salvia apiana	white sage			2	V
175	Lamiaceae	Salvia columbariae	chia	30/5	30/5	1	V
176	Lamiaceae	Salvia eremostachya	desert sage			1	V
177	Lamiaceae	Salvia vaseyi	Vasey's sage	10/3	1/1	5	V
178	Lamiaceae	Stachys ajugoides var. rigida	rigid hedge-nettle	/1
179	Loasaceae	Mentzelia desertorum	desert blazing star			1	V
180	Loasaceae	Petalonyx linearis	narrow-leaf sandpaper-plant			1	V
181	Lythraceae	Lythrum californicum	California loosestrife	/1
182	Malvaceae	Eremalche exilis	white mallow			2	V
183	Malvaceae	Hibiscus denudatus	rock hibiscus	50/9	5/5	5	V
184	Malvaceae	Horsfordia newberryi	Newberry's velvet mallow	2/2	1/1	4	V
185	Malvaceae	Malacothamnus aboriginum	Indian Valley bush mallow			1	V
186	Malvaceae	Sphaeralcea ambigua var. ambigua	apricot mallow	10/9		2	V
187	Malvaceae	Sphaeralcea ambigua var. rosacea	rosy apricot mallow			3	V
188	Molluginaceae	Mollugo cerviana	*carpet-weed			1	V
189	Nyctaginaceae	Abronia villosa var. villosa	hairy sand-verbena			3	V
190	Nyctaginaceae	Allionia incarnata	trailing four o'clock	50/9			V
191	Nyctaginaceae	Boerhavia coccinea	scarlet spiderling	2/2		2	V
192	Nyctaginaceae	Boerhavia intermedia	fivewing spiderling	99/9		1	V
193	Nyctaginaceae	Mirabilis bigelovii var. bigelovii	Bigelow's desert four-o'clock	2/2
194	Nyctaginaceae	Mirabilis bigelovii var. retrorsa	wishbone plant	30/9	3/3		V
195	Nyctaginaceae	Mirabilis tenuiloba	slender-lobed four o'clock			2	V
196	Onagraceae	Camissonia boothii ssp. condensata	Booth's desert primrose			2	V
197	Onagraceae	Camissonia californica	California suncup	99/9	99/9	2	V
198	Onagraceae	Camissonia claviformis ssp. peirsonii	brown-eyed primrose	30/4	99/9	5	V
199	Onagraceae	Camissonia pallida ssp. pallida	pale sun-cup	50/9		5	V
200	Onagraceae	Camissonia strigulosa	strigose sun-cup	/1
201	Onagraceae	Epilobium canum ssp. canum	California fuchsia			1	V
202	Onagraceae	Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium	mountain California-fuchsia	30/1		1	V
203	Onagraceae	~Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri	~Hooker's evening-primrose	1/1
204	Papaveraceae	Argemone munita	prickly poppy	3/3		2	V
205	Papaveraceae	Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp. minutiflora	small-flowered poppy	40/9		1	V
206	Papaveraceae	Eschscholzia parishii	Parish's poppy	40/9		3	V
207	Plantaginaceae	Plantago ovata	desert plantain	99/9
208	Platanaceae	Platanus racemosa	western sycamore	/1		4	V
209	Polemoniaceae	Eriastrum diffusum	miniature woolly-star			2	V
210	Polemoniaceae	Eriastrum eremicum ssp. eremicum	desert woolly-star			3	V
211	Polemoniaceae	Gilia australis	southern gilia	10/3		1	V
212	Polemoniaceae	Gilia capitata ssp. abrotanifolia	globe gilia	1/1		1	V
213	Polemoniaceae	Gilia ochroleuca ssp. exilis	volcanic gilia	5/2
214	Polemoniaceae	Gilia stellata	star gilia	30/9		2	V
216	Polemoniaceae	Linanthus floribundus ssp. glaber	summer snow			1	V
217	Polemoniaceae	Loeseliastrum matthewsii	desert calico			2	V
218	Polemoniaceae	Loeseliastrum schottii	Schott's calico			4	V
219	Polygonaceae	Chorizanthe brevicornu var. brevicornu	brittle spineflower	10/3		1	V
220	Polygonaceae	Chorizanthe fimbriata var. laciniata	lace-fringed spineflower	1/1			V
221	Polygonaceae	Chorizanthe rigida	devil's spineflower	/1			V
222	Polygonaceae	Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium	California buckwheat	3/3		1	V
223	Polygonaceae	Eriogonum inflatum	desert trumpet	20/9	3/3	2	V
224	Polygonaceae	Eriogonum reniforme	kidney-leaf buckwheat			1	V
225	Polygonaceae	Eriogonum thomasii	Thomas' buckwheat			3	V
226	Polygonaceae	Eriogonum wrightii var. nodosum	Wright's buckwheat	5/2			S
227	Polygonaceae	Pterostegia drymarioides	threadstem	20/9	40/4	1	V
228	Portulacaceae	Calandrinia ciliata	red maids	1/1
229	Portulacaceae	Calyptridium monandrum	sand cress	5/2	99/9	4	V
230	Portulacaceae	Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora	narrow-leaved miner's lettuce	5/2
231	Portulacaceae	Claytonia parviflora ssp. viridis	green miner's lettuce	10/3
232	Portulacaceae	Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata	miner's lettuce	1/1
233	Ranunculaceae	Delphinium parishii ssp. subglobosum	intermediate larkspur	4/2	20/5	2	V
234	Ranunculaceae	Ranunculus cymbalaria var. saximontanus	Rocky Mountain buttercup			1	V
235	Rosaceae	Adenostoma sparsifolium	red shanks			1	V
236	Rosaceae	Potentilla glandulosa	sticky cinquefoil	/1
237	Rubiaceae	Galium angustifolium ssp. borregoense	Borrego bedstraw			3	V
238	Rubiaceae	Galium aparine	common bedstraw	/1
239	Rubiaceae	Galium stellatum var. eremicum	star-flowered bedstraw	/1		5	V
240	Salicaceae	Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii	Fremont cottonwood	1/1
241	Salicaceae	Salix exigua	narrowleaf willow	/1		6	V
242	Salicaceae	Salix laevigata	red willow	1/1
243	Scrophulariaceae	Antirrhinum coulterianum	Coulter's snapdragon	5/1			V
244	Scrophulariaceae	Antirrhinum filipes	desert twining snapdragon	1/1		1	V
245	Scrophulariaceae	Castilleja minor ssp. spiralis	lesser paintbrush			1	V
246	Scrophulariaceae	Collinsia concolor	southern Chinese houses	/1
247	Scrophulariaceae	Keckiella antirrhinoides var. microphylla	little-leaved chaparral beard-tongue			1	V
248	Scrophulariaceae	Linaria bipartita	*split-lip toadflax			1	V
249	Scrophulariaceae	Mimulus aurantiacus	bush monkeyflower			1	V
250	Scrophulariaceae	Mimulus bigelovii var. bigelovii	Bigelow's monkeyflower	20/4	20/2	3	V
251	Scrophulariaceae	Mimulus cardinalis	scarlet monkeyflower	/1
252	Scrophulariaceae	Mimulus floribundus	floriferous monkeyflower	1/1
253	Scrophulariaceae	Mimulus guttatus	common monkeyflower	5/1
254	Scrophulariaceae	Mimulus parishii	Parish's monkeyflower			1	V
255	Scrophulariaceae	Mohavea confertiflora	ghost flower			1	V
256	Scrophulariaceae	Penstemon clevelandii var. clevelandii	Cleveland's beardtongue			1	V
257	Scrophulariaceae	Veronica anagallis-aquatica	*water speedwell	5/2		1	V
258	Simmondsiaceae	Simmondsia chinensis	jojoba			1	V
259	Solanaceae	Datura discolor	desert thornapple	30/9	10/9	1	V
260	Solanaceae	Datura wrightii	sacred datura	10/3		1	V
261	Solanaceae	Lycium andersonii	Anderson's desert-thorn	6/2			V
262	Solanaceae	Nicotiana obtusifolia	desert tobacco	2/2		3	V
263	Solanaceae	Physalis crassifolia	thick-leaved ground cherry	10/9		2	V
264	Solanaceae	Solanum douglasii	white nightshade			3	V
265	Sterculiaceae	Ayenia compacta	ayenia	2/2	3/1	4	V
266	Urticaceae	Parietaria hespera var. hespera	pellitory	99/9	30/3	1	V
267	Viscaceae	Phoradendron californicum	desert mistletoe	2/2		3	V
268	Vitaceae	Vitis girdiana	wild grape			1	V
269	Zygophyllaceae	Fagonia laevis	California fagonia	20/9	1/1		V
270	Zygophyllaceae	Larrea tridentata	creosote bush	99/9	99/9		V
271	Zygophyllaceae	Tribulus terrestris	*puncture-vine			1	V
272	Arecaceae	Washingtonia filifera	California fan palm	20/3		6	V
273	Cyperaceae	Eleocharis parishii	Parish's spikerush			1	V
274	Cyperaceae	Scirpus acutus var. occidentalis	common tule			1	V
275	Cyperaceae	Scirpus americanus	American tule	30/1
276	Juncaceae	Juncus mexicanus	Mexican rush	/1
277	Juncaceae	Juncus rugulosus	wrinkled rush	/1
278	Juncaceae	Juncus xiphioides	iris-leaved rush	1/1		1	V
279	Liliaceae	Allium haematochiton	red-skinned onion			3	V
280	Liliaceae	Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum	blue dicks			1	V
281	Liliaceae	Muilla maritima	muilla	10/5			S
282	Orchidaceae	Epipactis gigantea	stream orchid			1	V
283	Poaceae	Agrostis viridis	*green bentgrass	10/1
284	Poaceae	Aristida adscensionis	six-weeks three-awn	30/5		1	V
285	Poaceae	Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi	Nealley three-awn			1	V
286	Poaceae	Aristida ternipes var. hamulosa	hook three-awn			1	V
287	Poaceae	Avena barbata	*slender wild oats	1/1		1	V
288	Poaceae	Bothriochloa barbinodis	cane bluestem			1	V
289	Poaceae	Bouteloua aristidoides var. aristidoides	needle grama	30/9			V
290	Poaceae	Bouteloua barbata var. barbata	six-weeks grama			1	V
291	Poaceae	Bromus carinatus var. carinatus	California brome	10/3
292	Poaceae	Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens	*red brome	50/9	50/9	1	V
293	Poaceae	Cynodon dactylon	*Bermuda grass	5/1			S
294	Poaceae	Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum	*foxtail barley	/1
295	Poaceae	Muhlenbergia microsperma	littleseed muhly			1	V
296	Poaceae	Muhlenbergia rigens	deergrass	/1		1	V
297	Poaceae	Pennisetum setaceum	*fountain grass	5/5	1/1	2	V
298	Poaceae	Pleuraphis rigida	big galleta	50/9	30/9	2	V
299	Poaceae	Poa bigelovii	Bigelow's blue grass	1/1
300	Poaceae	Polypogon interruptus	*ditch beard grass			1	V
301	Poaceae	Polypogon monspeliensis	*rabbits-foot grass	3/1		1	V
302	Poaceae	Schismus barbatus	*Mediterranean schismus	99/9	99/9	1	V
303	Poaceae	Vulpia bromoides	*brome fescue	/1
304	Poaceae	Vulpia myuros var. hirsuta	*hairy rattail fescue	5/1			V
305	Poaceae	Vulpia octoflora var. hirtella	hairy six-weeks fescue	10/2			V

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• Plants of Southern California: Regional Floras