Flora of Tamarack, Round and Long Valleys, San Jacinto Mountains
Introduction
Location
Procedure For Compiling The Checklist
Important Caveats
Change in Checklist With Time
Checklist
Checklist Sorted By Abundance
Taxa Rejected From The Checklist
Interesting Taxa Not Present In The Checklist
Introduction This is a preliminary checklist for Tamarack, Round and Long Valleys in the San Jacinto Mountains. These valleys contain nearly all of the higher elevations of San Jacinto Mountain on the east of San Jacinto Peak, ranging from 8,240 to 10,000 feet in elevation.
These valleys together are a remnant flattish surface of about 2.3 square miles (5.9 square km) with a maximum extent of about 2.3 miles (3.7 km) east-west and 1.4 miles (2.2 km) north-south. This surface is being gradually destroyed from the edges by erosion due to the much lower elevations to the north and east.
The flora from these three valleys is presented together here, since these valleys are only weakly separated topographically, and the flora is fairly uniform throughout. The very small (0.05 square miles) Hidden Lake drainage basin is not included in this area since its flora is significantly different from the rest of this area; see its separate flora.
This checklist has been compiled from online vouchers, from fieldwork targeted on specific locations within this area, and from the portion of our plant trail guides in this area.
This checklist is very preliminary for at least six reasons:
- The data from many days of fieldwork have not yet all been processed, and so this list will change significantly in the future.
- The vouchers are only from online records, which do not yet include all vouchers.
- Most vouchers have not yet been reviewed for reasonableness.
- Some observed species (Gayophytum, Juncus, Carex and a few grass species) have not yet been determined, and hence are not stated in the checklist below as being observed. Thus some of the taxa listed here as not having been observed will be recorded as observed in future updates.
- Some of the species listed as being observed are not yet 100% determinations, and need to be confirmed from further work, primarily from collected specimens.
- Some portions of this area have not yet been surveyed. In particular, Tamarack and Long Valley Meadows have not been fully surveyed, and Round Valley Meadow has only been surveyed at one time in the year.
Even though this checklist is only a working draft, we've placed this online for three reasons:
- It will be useful to a number of people;
- It is interesting; and
- Lists have to start with something. With even a preliminary list, botanists can check to see if an observed or vouchered taxon is on the list, and if not, it can be added. Please let us know if you run across a voucher, or see a species, in this area that is not on this list!
Location The following map shows the location of the floral area targeted here:
The heavy solid purple line surrounds the outer boundaries of the union of these three valleys.
The dashed purple lines delineate the boundaries of each individual valley. The western edges of Tamarack and Round Valleys are taken to be the 10,000 foot elevation contour; the flora of the area above 10,000 feet elevation will be given separately. (Until that flora is put online, see Flora of San Jacinto Peak, which includes all but two of the taxa found above 10,000 feet elevation.)
The northern and eastern boundaries are taken as the edge of the lip of the flattish surface, above the precipitous slopes below. The southern boundary is the ridgeline along the Wellman / Hidden Lake Divides that separates this area from the Tahquitz Valley to the south.
Tamarack and Round Valleys are fairly clearly separated by the low ridge the divides the drainages of Tamarack Creek and Round Valley Creek. The boundary between those two valleys and Long Valley is somewhat arbitrary since those two creeks have carved significant east-west canyons into the weak north-south ridge that separates these two higher valleys from the lower Long Valley. Outside of those canyons, the western boundary of Long Valley is fairly unambiguous, following the ridge that divides drainage directly into Long Valley Creek from drainage into its two tributaries. We have somewhat arbitrarily simply joined those ridges by a straight line to complete the western boundary of Long Valley.
With this definition, the elevation extremes for each valley, along with the elevation of the biggest meadow in each valley, are as follows:
Valley Extreme Elevations (feet) Meadow Elevation (feet) Min Max Tamarack 8,500 10,000 9,240 Round 8,500 10,000 9,000 Long 8,240 9,600 8,340 The highest elevation of Long Valley occurs at the peak immediately east of Cornell Peak; its lowest elevation is along Long Valley Creek. The lowest elevations of Tamarack and Round Valleys occur at the junction of those two creeks.
Solid blue lines are trails, most of which have been botanized extensively (see the plant trail guides for each one, but note that many of the guides do not include the latest fieldwork yet). Dashed blue lines are floristic surveys done once each so far that compiled checklists and estimated plant species abundances.
Most of this area is shown in this photograph taken by James Dillane from the trail from Wellman Divide to San Jacinto Peak on 7 August 2007, near the 10,000 foot western border of Tamarack Valley:
See also picture without labels. Note that this picture exaggerates the size of Tamarack Valley since that valley is closest to the photographer.
Procedure For Compiling The Checklist
Important Caveats Please note the following important caveats about this preliminary Checklist:
- We have not looked at any of the vouchers yet, so we cannot vouch for their determinations. We have checked only the names of the taxa to make sure it was not unreasonable for them to occur here.
- This is a very preliminary first draft Checklist, compiled quickly and without review by other knowledgeable botanists, and so well may contain bonehead errors.
Change in Checklist With Time
Date # Taxa # Vouchered # Observed Comments 4 August 2008 127 84 102 Initial Checklist Created 16 August 2008 144 87 122 Results added from three additional surveys, one additional vouchered species, and one removed taxon The number of vouchered taxa increased by these three taxa in the 16 August 2008 update:
- We included vouchers of two species which had locations from canyons of the east side:Acer glabrum var. diffusum and Ivesia saxosa, since we found both species in Long Valley.
- Apocynum androsaemifolium was excluded from the previous list since the voucher just says Vicinity of Tamarack Valley. However, Hall in his Flora states it was Collected at 8500 ft. alt. in Round Valley, so we have now included it.
The increase in the number of observed species by 17 resulted from the inclusion of the results from three surveys done on 5, 8 and 12 August 2008 of northern Long Valley, the Cornell Peak ridgeline area, and southern Long Valley, respectively.
Checklist for Tamarack, Round and Long Valleys The Checklist is sorted first by category - ferns, dicots, and monocots - and then by family and scientific name. The Family and Scientific Name are from the Jepson Manual. An asterisk before the Common Name would indicate a non-native taxon, but all of the taxa found so far here are native, an amazing rarity in southern California.
The next columns give the following information:
Column Meaning #S The total number of surveys in which each taxon was found. As of 16 August 2008, we have surveyed 13 separate areas, estimating the plant abundance in each of them. The areas range from narrow transects along trails, to surveys of fairly large areas. See checklist sorted by plant abundance for a histogram of the total number of surveys for each taxon.
#Pl This is the maximum number of plants and the maximum number of locations for each taxon, separated by a slash, from all the estimates made in each of our field surveys. Maximum values are 99 plants, and 9 locations, recorded below as 99/9. The main intent of this column is to indicate the species for which we found few plants or locations. Taxa recorded as 99/9 are widespread taxa in at least one of the field surveys, but may be absent entirely from others. Check the #S column to see how widespread each taxon is for all surveys.
V If a taxon has been vouchered from any of these three valleys, a V is given in this column. O If we have observed a taxa anywhere in these three valleys, even if the taxon was not in a formally-surveyed area but was found in an adjacent not-formally-surveyed area, an O is given in this column. For example, Salvia pachyphylla was found in lower Tamarack Valley, observed on our way to doing two surveys in upper Tamarack Valley; and also found in an unsurveyed area along the Desert View Trail in Long Valley. But it never appeared in any formally-surveyed area, and hence never had an abundance estimate made for it. L, T, R A taxon observed or vouchered from Long Valley (L), Tamarack Valley (T), or Round Valley (R). W If a taxon is only found in a wet area such as a seep area or along a moist drainage, a W is given in this column. Note that species which can be found outside of wet areas will not be so marked, even though they may be found almost entirely in wet areas here. The Checklist contains 144 taxa, 87 of them vouchered and 122 of them observed by us in this area. Of the 122 taxa we have observed, 66 of them (54%) have been vouchered. With very few exceptions, the unvouchered species have vouchers from nearby areas at slightly lower elevation.
We have not yet definitely seen 21 of the 87 vouchered taxa, 24%, as well as one additional species mentioned by Hall as occurring here (Perideridia parishii, but which is not vouchered by anyone.
The final checklist will contain only vouchered specimens. We will be collecting vouchers in the future, under permit from the State Park, to document the taxa that are currently unvouchered in this area.
Some of the species listed as being observed are not yet 100% determinations, and need to be confirmed from further work, primarily from collecting and determining specimens, but also for other reasons as well. For example, here are two species in the latter category:
- We found only a single plant that appeared to be Rhamnus ilicifolia from its leaves. This specimen was only a few inches high, with thick woody stems, but without flowers or fruit.
- We found two occurrences of an Arabis that appears to be Arabis breweri var. pecuniaria, a rare plant that was previously known to occur only near Dollar Lake in the San Bernardino Mountains. Due to the well-known difficulties in Arabis taxonomy, our specimen will be sent for review by an expert.
Taxa present in the Checklist without a voucher or our observation come from reports in Hall (1902).
Some vouchers by Hall, given simply as Round Valley, or Tamarack Valley, or Vicinity of Tamarack Valley, cannot be definitely placed in one of the three valleys here. Hall mostly did not use the name Long Valley at all, and used the names Round Valley and Tamarack Valley as equivalent names for the combined valleys. These vouchers are therefore not given as being in any specific one of the three valleys.
Sometimes the elevations given for the vouchers with locality Vicinity of Tamarack Valley are below any elevation in the combined valleys. Such vouchers were excluded from this checklist.
See also the list of rejected species given below, and the checklist sorted by plant abundance.
This is a working list, about which we make no guarantees at all until we officially release it. Use at your own risk!
Version for printing, without lines and other text on this page: html (6 pages) or pdf Clickbook booklet (2 double-sided page). (See printing instructions for an explanation of these options)
# JM Family Scientific Name (*)Common Name #S #Pl V O L T R W 1 Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens bracken 5 99/9 V O T R W 2 Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis brittle bladder fern 2 10/5 V O L T R 3 Dryopteridaceae Polystichum scopulinum mountain holly fern 1 3/1 O L 4 Polypodiaceae Polypodium hesperium western polypody 3 4/2 V O L T 5 Pteridaceae Pellaea mucronata var. californica California cliff-brake 1 1/1 O T 6 Selaginellaceae Selaginella asprella bluish spike-moss V L 7 Selaginellaceae Selaginella watsonii Watson's spike-moss 3 20/2 O L T 8 Pinaceae Abies concolor white fir 13 99/9 V O L T R 9 Pinaceae Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana lodgepole pine 12 99/9 O L T R 10 Pinaceae Pinus flexilis limber pine 7 99/9 V O L T R 11 Pinaceae Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey pine 11 99/9 O L T R 12 Pinaceae Pinus lambertiana sugar pine 7 99/9 V O L T R 13 Aceraceae Acer glabrum var. diffusum mountain maple 1 20/2 V O L 14 Apiaceae Osmorhiza chilensis mountain sweet-cicely 1 10/1 V O T R 15 Apiaceae Perideridia parishii ssp. latifolia wide-leaved Parish's yampah R W 16 Apiaceae Sphenosciadium capitellatum ranger's buttons 5 30/9 V O L T R W 17 Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane V 18 Asteraceae Achillea millefolium yarrow 4 99/7 O L T R W 19 Asteraceae Antennaria rosea rosy everlasting, pussytoes 2 10/1 V O L T R 20 Asteraceae Artemisia dracunculus wild tarragon 12 99/9 V O L T R 21 Asteraceae Aster alpigenus var. andersonii Anderson's oreastrum-aster 1 20/3 O R W 22 Asteraceae Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. bernardinus San Bernardino rubber rabbitbrush 13 99/9 V O L T R 23 Asteraceae Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus San Jacinto Mtns. daisy 3 99/9 O L T 24 Asteraceae Gnaphalium palustre western marsh cudweed 2 99/9 V O L R W 25 Asteraceae Hieracium horridum prickly hawkweed 3 10/5 O L T R 26 Asteraceae Hulsea vestita ssp. callicarpha beautiful hulsea 2 50/5 V O L T 27 Asteraceae Solidago californica goldenrod 8 99/9 O L T R 28 Boraginaceae Cryptantha micrantha purple-root cryptantha 1 2/1 O L 29 Brassicaceae Arabis breweri var. pecuniaria San Bernardino rock cress 2 7/2 O L T 30 Brassicaceae Arabis holboellii Holboell's rock-cress 2 20/3 O L T 31 Brassicaceae Draba corrugata var. saxosa Southern California rock draba 1 10/3 V O T 32 Brassicaceae Erysimum capitatum ssp. capitatum western wallflower 10 40/9 V O L T R 33 Brassicaceae Streptanthus bernardinus Laguna Mtns. jewel-flower 1 2/1 O T 34 Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. parishii Parish's snowberry 11 99/9 V O L T R 35 Caryophyllaceae Sagina saginoides pearlwort V O T R W 36 Caryophyllaceae Silene parishii Parish's campion 4 50/9 O L T R 37 Caryophyllaceae Silene verecunda ssp. platyota white catch-fly 6 50/9 V O L T R 38 Caryophyllaceae Stellaria calycantha northern starwort V R W 39 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium atrovirens forest goosefoot 4 10/3 O L T R 40 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium fremontii Fremont's goosefoot 5 20/9 O L T R 41 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium pratericola meadow goosefoot 1 10/1 O T 42 Ericaceae Arctostaphylos patula green-leaf manzanita 5 99/9 V O L T R 43 Ericaceae Chimaphila menziesii little prince's pine 1 1/1 O R 44 Ericaceae Orthilia secunda one-sided wintergreen V R 45 Ericaceae Pterospora andromedea pinedrops 2 2/1 O L T 46 Ericaceae Pyrola minor lesser wintergreen V R 47 Ericaceae Rhododendron occidentale western azalea O L W 48 Ericaceae Sarcodes sanguinea snow-plant 1 2/2 O L T 49 Fabaceae Lupinus hyacinthinus San Jacinto lupine 11 99/9 V O L T R 50 Fabaceae Trifolium monanthum var. grantianum few-flowered clover 3 20/9 V O L T R W 51 Fagaceae Chrysolepis sempervirens bush chinquapin 8 99/9 V O L T R 52 Fagaceae Quercus chrysolepis canyon live oak 3 20/9 V O L 53 Geraniaceae Geranium californicum California geranium 2 10/1 V O R W 54 Grossulariaceae Ribes cereum var. cereum wax currant 9 20/9 V O L T R 55 Grossulariaceae Ribes montigenum mountain gooseberry 4 99/9 V O T R W 56 Grossulariaceae Ribes nevadense mountain pink currant 2 20/9 O L W 57 Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila spatulata Sierra nemophila V T W 58 Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia mutabilis changeable phacelia 4 99/9 V O T R 59 Lamiaceae Monardella australis southern mountain-monardella 7 99/9 V O L T R 60 Lamiaceae Monardella nana ssp. tenuiflora short-flowered monardella 1 10/2 O L 61 Lamiaceae Salvia pachyphylla rose sage O L T 62 Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium ssp. circumvagum fireweed V R 63 Onagraceae Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium mountain California-fuchsia 4 50/9 O L R 64 Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum willowherb 2 99/9 V O L T R W 65 Onagraceae Epilobium oregonense slimstem willowweed 1 10/1 V O R W 66 Onagraceae Gayophytum diffusum ssp. parviflorum groundsmoke 4 99/9 V O L T R 67 Orobanchaceae Orobanche parishii Parish's broom-rape 3 10/2 O L T 68 Philadelphaceae Philadelphus microphyllus little-leaf mock orange 5 50/9 V O L T R 69 Polemoniaceae Allophyllum gilioides ssp. violaceum dense false-gilia 1 5/1 O L T 70 Polemoniaceae Leptodactylon jaegeri San Jacinto prickly phlox 3 20/2 V O L T 71 Polemoniaceae Leptodactylon pungens granite prickly phlox 7 99/9 V O L T R 72 Polygonaceae Eriogonum apiculatum San Jacinto buckwheat 3 99/2 O L 73 Polygonaceae Eriogonum nudum var. pauciflorum naked buckwheat V L 74 Polygonaceae Polygonum bistortoides western bistort 2 30/9 V O R W 75 Polygonaceae Polygonum douglasii ssp. douglasii Douglas' knotweed 1 10/1 V O T R 76 Polygonaceae Rumex salicifolius var. salicifolius willow-leaved dock 2 40/9 O L W 77 Portulacaceae Calyptridium monospermum pussy paws 5 20/3 V O L T R 78 Portulacaceae Calyptridium parryi var. parryi Parry's sand cress 1 10/1 V O T R 79 Portulacaceae Montia chamissoi toad lily 2 50/5 V O T R W 80 Primulaceae Dodecatheon alpinum alpine shooting star 1 50/9 V O R W 81 Ranunculaceae Aquilegia formosa western columbine 2 10/3 O L T W 82 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus alismifolius var. alismellus slender buttercup 1 50/9 V O T R W 83 Ranunculaceae Thalictrum fendleri var. fendleri Fendler's meadow-rue 3 10/2 V O L T R W 84 Rhamnaceae Ceanothus cordulatus mountain whitethorn 7 50/9 O L T R 85 Rhamnaceae Rhamnus ilicifolia hollyleaf redberry 1 1/1 O L 86 Rosaceae Cercocarpus ledifolius curl-leaf mountain-mahogany 5 50/9 V O L T 87 Rosaceae Holodiscus microphyllus var. microphyllus mountain spray 5 40/9 O L T R 88 Rosaceae Horkelia clevelandii Cleveland's horkelia 2 99/5 O L W 89 Rosaceae Ivesia saxosa rock ivesia 1 50/2 V O L 90 Rosaceae Potentilla glandulosa ssp. nevadensis Nevada cinquefoil 6 20/9 V O L T R W 91 Rosaceae Potentilla rimicola cliff cinquefoil 1 99/2 O L 92 Rosaceae Prunus emarginata bitter cherry 2 10/1 O L T R 93 Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus thimbleberry 1 5/1 O L W 94 Rubiaceae Galium parishii Parish's bedstraw 7 99/9 V O L T 95 Salicaceae Salix scouleriana Scouler's willow 5 10/3 O L R W 96 Saxifragaceae Heuchera hirsutissima shaggy-haired alumroot 3 20/5 O L T 97 Scrophulariaceae Castilleja applegatei ssp. martinii Martin's paintbrush 4 30/9 O L T 98 Scrophulariaceae Castilleja miniata ssp. miniata giant red paintbrush O L W 99 Scrophulariaceae Cordylanthus nevinii Nevin's bird's beak 2 30/2 O L 100 Scrophulariaceae Keckiella rothrockii var. jacintensis San Jacinto Mts. keckiella 12 99/9 V O L T R 101 Scrophulariaceae Mimulus breweri Brewer's monkeyflower 3 50/9 V O L T R W 102 Scrophulariaceae Mimulus floribundus floriferous monkeyflower 1 10/1 O L R W 103 Scrophulariaceae Mimulus moschatus musk monkeyflower 1 10/1 O L W 104 Scrophulariaceae Mimulus pilosus false monkeyflower 2 99/9 V O L T W 105 Scrophulariaceae Mimulus primuloides ssp. primuloides primrose monkeyflower 2 50/9 V O L R W 106 Scrophulariaceae Mimulus tilingii larger mountain monkeyflower 4 99/9 V O L T R W 107 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis semibarbata pine lousewort 7 99/9 V O T R 108 Scrophulariaceae Penstemon grinnellii var. grinnellii Grinnell's beardtongue 2 20/5 O L T 109 Scrophulariaceae Penstemon labrosus San Gabriel beardtongue 7 99/9 O L T R 110 Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa thyme-leaved speedwell 1 10/1 O R W 111 Violaceae Viola macloskeyi small white violet 1 10/1 V O T R W 112 Violaceae Viola pinetorum ssp. pinetorum pine violet V T 113 Cyperaceae Carex heteroneura var. heteroneura vari-nerved sedge V R 114 Cyperaceae Carex multicostata many-ribbed sedge V R 115 Cyperaceae Carex nebrascensis Nebraska sedge 1 50/9 V O L T R W 116 Cyperaceae Carex senta swamp sedge 4 50/9 V O L R W 117 Cyperaceae Carex subfusca brown sedge 1 1/1 O R 118 Cyperaceae Eleocharis pauciflora few-flowered spikerush V R 119 Juncaceae Juncus duranii Duran's rush V R W 120 Juncaceae Juncus mexicanus Mexican rush 1 50/9 O L T R W 121 Juncaceae Juncus phaeocephalus var. paniculatus spreading brown-headed rush 1 50/3 V O R W 122 Juncaceae Luzula comosa hairy wood rush 1 10/2 V O T R W 123 Liliaceae Calochortus invenustus plain mariposa lily 1 1/1 V O T R 124 Liliaceae Veratrum californicum var. californicum California corn lily 1 50/9 O R W 125 Orchidaceae Cephalanthera austiniae phantom orchid V R 126 Orchidaceae Corallorhiza maculata spotted coralroot V O T R 127 Orchidaceae Platanthera leucostachys white bog orchid 1 10/1 V O R W 128 Poaceae Achnatherum occidentale ssp. occidentale western needlegrass 2 30/2 O L R 129 Poaceae Achnatherum parishii Parish's needlegrass 3 20/4 O L T 130 Poaceae Agrostis idahoensis Idaho bentgrass 4 50/9 V O L R W 131 Poaceae Agrostis scabra rough bentgrass V R W 132 Poaceae Bromus carinatus var. carinatus California brome 1 5/2 V O T W 133 Poaceae Bromus richardsonii fringed brome 2 20/1 O T R 134 Poaceae Deschampsia elongata slender hairgrass 4 40/5 O L T R W 135 Poaceae Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides squirreltail 4 20/9 V O L T R 136 Poaceae Elymus glaucus blue wildrye V T W 137 Poaceae Elymus trachycaulus slender wheatgrass 2 20/1 V O L T R 138 Poaceae Glyceria elata tall mannagrass 4 50/9 O L R W 139 Poaceae Muhlenbergia richardsonis mat muhly 3 30/9 V O L T R W 140 Poaceae Phleum alpinum mountain timothy V R W 141 Poaceae Poa bolanderi Bolander's blue grass V T 142 Poaceae Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis *Kentucky blue grass V T R W 143 Poaceae Poa secunda ssp. secunda one-sided bluegrass V R 144 Poaceae Poa wheeleri Wheeler's blue grass V R W
Taxa Rejected From The Checklist Taxa Rejected Due To Uncertain Locations
Dodecatheon redolens, POM19641. The location of this voucher is given as San Jacinto Mountains region Round Valley, Elev. 8000-9000 ft.. All other vouchers of this species are from Deer Springs, on the west side of the mountain below Round Valley. We have found this taxon at only one other location, also on the west side. Hence we feel it is likely that this voucher also came from the west side.
Taxa Rejected Due To Probably-Incorrect Determinations
None so far.
Other taxa rejected from the list
Trifolium longipes var. nevadense. We inadvertently included this taxon in the first version of this checklist from a misreading of Hall's discussion on page 30 of his flora. This species is apparently confined to Tahquitz Valley at lower elevation.
Interesting Taxa Not Present In The Checklist
This section was added to the original checklist, since the original checklist was missing both Heuchera hirsutissima and Selaginella watsonii, yet both species were abundant both above (at San Jacinto Peak and Miller Peak) and below this area (at Chino Canyon and Tahquitz Peak). We have since found both taxa here.
Voucher data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/).
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Copyright © 2008 by Tom Chester, Dave Stith and James Dillane
Permission is freely granted to reproduce any or all of this page as long as credit is given to us at this source:
http://tchester.org/sb/plants/floras/round_et_al_valleys.html
Comments and feedback: Tom Chester
Last update: 16 August 2008