Flora of Tamarack, Round and Long Valleys, San Jacinto Mountains


Introduction
Location
Procedure For Compiling The Checklist
Important Caveats
Change in Checklist With Time
Checklist
Checklist Sorted By Abundance
Taxa Rejected From The Checklist
Interesting Taxa Not Present In The Checklist


Introduction

This is a preliminary checklist for Tamarack, Round and Long Valleys in the San Jacinto Mountains. These valleys contain nearly all of the higher elevations of San Jacinto Mountain on the east of San Jacinto Peak, ranging from 8,240 to 10,000 feet in elevation.

These valleys together are a remnant flattish surface of about 2.3 square miles (5.9 square km) with a maximum extent of about 2.3 miles (3.7 km) east-west and 1.4 miles (2.2 km) north-south. This surface is being gradually destroyed from the edges by erosion due to the much lower elevations to the north and east.

The flora from these three valleys is presented together here, since these valleys are only weakly separated topographically, and the flora is fairly uniform throughout. The very small (0.05 square miles) Hidden Lake drainage basin is not included in this area since its flora is significantly different from the rest of this area; see its separate flora.

This checklist has been compiled from online vouchers, from fieldwork targeted on specific locations within this area, and from the portion of our plant trail guides in this area.

This checklist is very preliminary for at least six reasons:

  1. The data from many days of fieldwork have not yet all been processed, and so this list will change significantly in the future.

  2. The vouchers are only from online records, which do not yet include all vouchers.

  3. Most vouchers have not yet been reviewed for reasonableness.

  4. Some observed species (Gayophytum, Juncus, Carex and a few grass species) have not yet been determined, and hence are not stated in the checklist below as being observed. Thus some of the taxa listed here as not having been observed will be recorded as observed in future updates.

  5. Some of the species listed as being observed are not yet 100% determinations, and need to be confirmed from further work, primarily from collected specimens.

  6. Some portions of this area have not yet been surveyed. In particular, Tamarack and Long Valley Meadows have not been fully surveyed, and Round Valley Meadow has only been surveyed at one time in the year.

Even though this checklist is only a working draft, we've placed this online for three reasons:

  1. It will be useful to a number of people;

  2. It is interesting; and

  3. Lists have to start with something. With even a preliminary list, botanists can check to see if an observed or vouchered taxon is on the list, and if not, it can be added. Please let us know if you run across a voucher, or see a species, in this area that is not on this list!

Location

The following map shows the location of the floral area targeted here:

The heavy solid purple line surrounds the outer boundaries of the union of these three valleys.

The dashed purple lines delineate the boundaries of each individual valley. The western edges of Tamarack and Round Valleys are taken to be the 10,000 foot elevation contour; the flora of the area above 10,000 feet elevation will be given separately. (Until that flora is put online, see Flora of San Jacinto Peak, which includes all but two of the taxa found above 10,000 feet elevation.)

The northern and eastern boundaries are taken as the edge of the lip of the flattish surface, above the precipitous slopes below. The southern boundary is the ridgeline along the Wellman / Hidden Lake Divides that separates this area from the Tahquitz Valley to the south.

Tamarack and Round Valleys are fairly clearly separated by the low ridge the divides the drainages of Tamarack Creek and Round Valley Creek. The boundary between those two valleys and Long Valley is somewhat arbitrary since those two creeks have carved significant east-west canyons into the weak north-south ridge that separates these two higher valleys from the lower Long Valley. Outside of those canyons, the western boundary of Long Valley is fairly unambiguous, following the ridge that divides drainage directly into Long Valley Creek from drainage into its two tributaries. We have somewhat arbitrarily simply joined those ridges by a straight line to complete the western boundary of Long Valley.

With this definition, the elevation extremes for each valley, along with the elevation of the biggest meadow in each valley, are as follows:

ValleyExtreme Elevations (feet)Meadow Elevation (feet)
MinMax
Tamarack8,50010,0009,240
Round8,50010,0009,000
Long8,2409,6008,340

The highest elevation of Long Valley occurs at the peak immediately east of Cornell Peak; its lowest elevation is along Long Valley Creek. The lowest elevations of Tamarack and Round Valleys occur at the junction of those two creeks.

Solid blue lines are trails, most of which have been botanized extensively (see the plant trail guides for each one, but note that many of the guides do not include the latest fieldwork yet). Dashed blue lines are floristic surveys done once each so far that compiled checklists and estimated plant species abundances.

Most of this area is shown in this photograph taken by James Dillane from the trail from Wellman Divide to San Jacinto Peak on 7 August 2007, near the 10,000 foot western border of Tamarack Valley:

See also picture without labels. Note that this picture exaggerates the size of Tamarack Valley since that valley is closest to the photographer.

Procedure For Compiling The Checklist

(To be supplied)

Important Caveats

Please note the following important caveats about this preliminary Checklist:


Change in Checklist With Time

Date# Taxa# Vouchered# ObservedComments
4 August 200812784102Initial Checklist Created
16 August 200814487122Results added from three additional surveys, one additional vouchered species, and one removed taxon

The number of vouchered taxa increased by these three taxa in the 16 August 2008 update:

The increase in the number of observed species by 17 resulted from the inclusion of the results from three surveys done on 5, 8 and 12 August 2008 of northern Long Valley, the Cornell Peak ridgeline area, and southern Long Valley, respectively.

Checklist for Tamarack, Round and Long Valleys

The Checklist is sorted first by category - ferns, dicots, and monocots - and then by family and scientific name. The Family and Scientific Name are from the Jepson Manual. An asterisk before the Common Name would indicate a non-native taxon, but all of the taxa found so far here are native, an amazing rarity in southern California.

The next columns give the following information:

ColumnMeaning
#SThe total number of surveys in which each taxon was found. As of 16 August 2008, we have surveyed 13 separate areas, estimating the plant abundance in each of them. The areas range from narrow transects along trails, to surveys of fairly large areas.

See checklist sorted by plant abundance for a histogram of the total number of surveys for each taxon.

#PlThis is the maximum number of plants and the maximum number of locations for each taxon, separated by a slash, from all the estimates made in each of our field surveys. Maximum values are 99 plants, and 9 locations, recorded below as 99/9. The main intent of this column is to indicate the species for which we found few plants or locations.

Taxa recorded as 99/9 are widespread taxa in at least one of the field surveys, but may be absent entirely from others. Check the #S column to see how widespread each taxon is for all surveys.

VIf a taxon has been vouchered from any of these three valleys, a V is given in this column.
OIf we have observed a taxa anywhere in these three valleys, even if the taxon was not in a formally-surveyed area but was found in an adjacent not-formally-surveyed area, an O is given in this column. For example, Salvia pachyphylla was found in lower Tamarack Valley, observed on our way to doing two surveys in upper Tamarack Valley; and also found in an unsurveyed area along the Desert View Trail in Long Valley. But it never appeared in any formally-surveyed area, and hence never had an abundance estimate made for it.
L, T, RA taxon observed or vouchered from Long Valley (L), Tamarack Valley (T), or Round Valley (R).
WIf a taxon is only found in a wet area such as a seep area or along a moist drainage, a W is given in this column. Note that species which can be found outside of wet areas will not be so marked, even though they may be found almost entirely in wet areas here.

The Checklist contains 144 taxa, 87 of them vouchered and 122 of them observed by us in this area. Of the 122 taxa we have observed, 66 of them (54%) have been vouchered. With very few exceptions, the unvouchered species have vouchers from nearby areas at slightly lower elevation.

We have not yet definitely seen 21 of the 87 vouchered taxa, 24%, as well as one additional species mentioned by Hall as occurring here (Perideridia parishii, but which is not vouchered by anyone.

The final checklist will contain only vouchered specimens. We will be collecting vouchers in the future, under permit from the State Park, to document the taxa that are currently unvouchered in this area.

Some of the species listed as being observed are not yet 100% determinations, and need to be confirmed from further work, primarily from collecting and determining specimens, but also for other reasons as well. For example, here are two species in the latter category:

Taxa present in the Checklist without a voucher or our observation come from reports in Hall (1902).

Some vouchers by Hall, given simply as Round Valley, or Tamarack Valley, or Vicinity of Tamarack Valley, cannot be definitely placed in one of the three valleys here. Hall mostly did not use the name Long Valley at all, and used the names Round Valley and Tamarack Valley as equivalent names for the combined valleys. These vouchers are therefore not given as being in any specific one of the three valleys.

Sometimes the elevations given for the vouchers with locality Vicinity of Tamarack Valley are below any elevation in the combined valleys. Such vouchers were excluded from this checklist.

See also the list of rejected species given below, and the checklist sorted by plant abundance.

This is a working list, about which we make no guarantees at all until we officially release it. Use at your own risk!

Version for printing, without lines and other text on this page: html (6 pages) or pdf Clickbook booklet (2 double-sided page). (See printing instructions for an explanation of these options)

#JM FamilyScientific Name(*)Common Name#S#PlVOLTRW
1DennstaedtiaceaePteridium aquilinum var. pubescensbracken599/9VO TRW
2DryopteridaceaeCystopteris fragilisbrittle bladder fern210/5VOLTR 
3DryopteridaceaePolystichum scopulinummountain holly fern13/1 OL   
4PolypodiaceaePolypodium hesperiumwestern polypody34/2VOLT  
5PteridaceaePellaea mucronata var. californicaCalifornia cliff-brake11/1 O T  
6SelaginellaceaeSelaginella asprellabluish spike-moss  V L   
7SelaginellaceaeSelaginella watsoniiWatson's spike-moss320/2 OLT  
8PinaceaeAbies concolorwhite fir1399/9VOLTR 
9PinaceaePinus contorta ssp. murrayanalodgepole pine1299/9 OLTR 
10PinaceaePinus flexilislimber pine799/9VOLTR 
11PinaceaePinus jeffreyiJeffrey pine1199/9 OLTR 
12PinaceaePinus lambertianasugar pine799/9VOLTR 
13AceraceaeAcer glabrum var. diffusummountain maple120/2VOL   
14ApiaceaeOsmorhiza chilensismountain sweet-cicely110/1VO TR 
15ApiaceaePerideridia parishii ssp. latifoliawide-leaved Parish's yampah      RW
16ApiaceaeSphenosciadium capitellatumranger's buttons530/9VOLTRW
17ApocynaceaeApocynum androsaemifoliumspreading dogbane  V     
18AsteraceaeAchillea millefoliumyarrow499/7 OLTRW
19AsteraceaeAntennaria rosearosy everlasting, pussytoes210/1VOLTR 
20AsteraceaeArtemisia dracunculuswild tarragon1299/9VOLTR 
21AsteraceaeAster alpigenus var. andersoniiAnderson's oreastrum-aster120/3 O  RW
22AsteraceaeChrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. bernardinusSan Bernardino rubber rabbitbrush1399/9VOLTR 
23AsteraceaeErigeron breweri var. jacinteusSan Jacinto Mtns. daisy399/9 OLT  
24AsteraceaeGnaphalium palustrewestern marsh cudweed299/9VOL RW
25AsteraceaeHieracium horridumprickly hawkweed310/5 OLTR 
26AsteraceaeHulsea vestita ssp. callicarphabeautiful hulsea250/5VOLT  
27AsteraceaeSolidago californicagoldenrod899/9 OLTR 
28BoraginaceaeCryptantha micranthapurple-root cryptantha12/1 OL   
29BrassicaceaeArabis breweri var. pecuniariaSan Bernardino rock cress27/2 OLT  
30BrassicaceaeArabis holboelliiHolboell's rock-cress220/3 OLT  
31BrassicaceaeDraba corrugata var. saxosaSouthern California rock draba110/3VO T  
32BrassicaceaeErysimum capitatum ssp. capitatumwestern wallflower1040/9VOLTR 
33BrassicaceaeStreptanthus bernardinusLaguna Mtns. jewel-flower12/1 O T  
34CaprifoliaceaeSymphoricarpos rotundifolius var. parishiiParish's snowberry1199/9VOLTR 
35CaryophyllaceaeSagina saginoidespearlwort  VO TRW
36CaryophyllaceaeSilene parishiiParish's campion450/9 OLTR 
37CaryophyllaceaeSilene verecunda ssp. platyotawhite catch-fly650/9VOLTR 
38CaryophyllaceaeStellaria calycanthanorthern starwort  V   RW
39ChenopodiaceaeChenopodium atrovirensforest goosefoot410/3 OLTR 
40ChenopodiaceaeChenopodium fremontiiFremont's goosefoot520/9 OLTR 
41ChenopodiaceaeChenopodium pratericolameadow goosefoot110/1 O T  
42EricaceaeArctostaphylos patulagreen-leaf manzanita599/9VOLTR 
43EricaceaeChimaphila menziesiilittle prince's pine11/1 O  R 
44EricaceaeOrthilia secundaone-sided wintergreen  V   R 
45EricaceaePterospora andromedeapinedrops22/1 OLT  
46EricaceaePyrola minorlesser wintergreen  V   R 
47EricaceaeRhododendron occidentalewestern azalea   OL  W
48EricaceaeSarcodes sanguineasnow-plant12/2 OLT  
49FabaceaeLupinus hyacinthinusSan Jacinto lupine1199/9VOLTR 
50FabaceaeTrifolium monanthum var. grantianumfew-flowered clover320/9VOLTRW
51FagaceaeChrysolepis sempervirensbush chinquapin899/9VOLTR 
52FagaceaeQuercus chrysolepiscanyon live oak320/9VOL   
53GeraniaceaeGeranium californicumCalifornia geranium210/1VO  RW
54GrossulariaceaeRibes cereum var. cereumwax currant920/9VOLTR 
55GrossulariaceaeRibes montigenummountain gooseberry499/9VO TRW
56GrossulariaceaeRibes nevadensemountain pink currant220/9 OL  W
57HydrophyllaceaeNemophila spatulataSierra nemophila  V  T W
58HydrophyllaceaePhacelia mutabilischangeable phacelia499/9VO TR 
59LamiaceaeMonardella australissouthern mountain-monardella799/9VOLTR 
60LamiaceaeMonardella nana ssp. tenuiflorashort-flowered monardella110/2 OL   
61LamiaceaeSalvia pachyphyllarose sage   OLT  
62OnagraceaeEpilobium angustifolium ssp. circumvagumfireweed  V   R 
63OnagraceaeEpilobium canum ssp. latifoliummountain California-fuchsia450/9 OL R 
64OnagraceaeEpilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatumwillowherb299/9VOLTRW
65OnagraceaeEpilobium oregonenseslimstem willowweed110/1VO  RW
66OnagraceaeGayophytum diffusum ssp. parviflorumgroundsmoke499/9VOLTR 
67OrobanchaceaeOrobanche parishiiParish's broom-rape310/2 OLT  
68PhiladelphaceaePhiladelphus microphylluslittle-leaf mock orange550/9VOLTR 
69PolemoniaceaeAllophyllum gilioides ssp. violaceumdense false-gilia15/1 OLT  
70PolemoniaceaeLeptodactylon jaegeriSan Jacinto prickly phlox320/2VOLT  
71PolemoniaceaeLeptodactylon pungensgranite prickly phlox799/9VOLTR 
72PolygonaceaeEriogonum apiculatumSan Jacinto buckwheat399/2 OL   
73PolygonaceaeEriogonum nudum var. pauciflorumnaked buckwheat  V L   
74PolygonaceaePolygonum bistortoideswestern bistort230/9VO  RW
75PolygonaceaePolygonum douglasii ssp. douglasiiDouglas' knotweed110/1VO TR 
76PolygonaceaeRumex salicifolius var. salicifoliuswillow-leaved dock240/9 OL  W
77PortulacaceaeCalyptridium monospermumpussy paws520/3VOLTR 
78PortulacaceaeCalyptridium parryi var. parryiParry's sand cress110/1VO TR 
79PortulacaceaeMontia chamissoitoad lily250/5VO TRW
80PrimulaceaeDodecatheon alpinumalpine shooting star150/9VO  RW
81RanunculaceaeAquilegia formosawestern columbine210/3 OLT W
82RanunculaceaeRanunculus alismifolius var. alismellusslender buttercup150/9VO TRW
83RanunculaceaeThalictrum fendleri var. fendleriFendler's meadow-rue310/2VOLTRW
84RhamnaceaeCeanothus cordulatusmountain whitethorn750/9 OLTR 
85RhamnaceaeRhamnus ilicifoliahollyleaf redberry11/1 OL   
86RosaceaeCercocarpus ledifoliuscurl-leaf mountain-mahogany550/9VOLT  
87RosaceaeHolodiscus microphyllus var. microphyllusmountain spray540/9 OLTR 
88RosaceaeHorkelia clevelandiiCleveland's horkelia299/5 OL  W
89RosaceaeIvesia saxosarock ivesia150/2VOL   
90RosaceaePotentilla glandulosa ssp. nevadensisNevada cinquefoil620/9VOLTRW
91RosaceaePotentilla rimicolacliff cinquefoil199/2 OL   
92RosaceaePrunus emarginatabitter cherry210/1 OLTR 
93RosaceaeRubus parviflorusthimbleberry15/1 OL  W
94RubiaceaeGalium parishiiParish's bedstraw799/9VOLT  
95SalicaceaeSalix scoulerianaScouler's willow510/3 OL RW
96SaxifragaceaeHeuchera hirsutissimashaggy-haired alumroot320/5 OLT  
97ScrophulariaceaeCastilleja applegatei ssp. martiniiMartin's paintbrush430/9 OLT  
98ScrophulariaceaeCastilleja miniata ssp. miniatagiant red paintbrush   OL  W
99ScrophulariaceaeCordylanthus neviniiNevin's bird's beak230/2 OL   
100ScrophulariaceaeKeckiella rothrockii var. jacintensisSan Jacinto Mts. keckiella1299/9VOLTR 
101ScrophulariaceaeMimulus breweriBrewer's monkeyflower350/9VOLTRW
102ScrophulariaceaeMimulus floribundusfloriferous monkeyflower110/1 OL RW
103ScrophulariaceaeMimulus moschatusmusk monkeyflower110/1 OL  W
104ScrophulariaceaeMimulus pilosusfalse monkeyflower299/9VOLT W
105ScrophulariaceaeMimulus primuloides ssp. primuloidesprimrose monkeyflower250/9VOL RW
106ScrophulariaceaeMimulus tilingiilarger mountain monkeyflower499/9VOLTRW
107ScrophulariaceaePedicularis semibarbatapine lousewort799/9VO TR 
108ScrophulariaceaePenstemon grinnellii var. grinnelliiGrinnell's beardtongue220/5 OLT  
109ScrophulariaceaePenstemon labrosusSan Gabriel beardtongue799/9 OLTR 
110ScrophulariaceaeVeronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusathyme-leaved speedwell110/1 O  RW
111ViolaceaeViola macloskeyismall white violet110/1VO TRW
112ViolaceaeViola pinetorum ssp. pinetorumpine violet  V  T  
113CyperaceaeCarex heteroneura var. heteroneuravari-nerved sedge  V   R 
114CyperaceaeCarex multicostatamany-ribbed sedge  V   R 
115CyperaceaeCarex nebrascensisNebraska sedge150/9VOLTRW
116CyperaceaeCarex sentaswamp sedge450/9VOL RW
117CyperaceaeCarex subfuscabrown sedge11/1 O  R 
118CyperaceaeEleocharis pauciflorafew-flowered spikerush  V   R 
119JuncaceaeJuncus duraniiDuran's rush  V   RW
120JuncaceaeJuncus mexicanusMexican rush150/9 OLTRW
121JuncaceaeJuncus phaeocephalus var. paniculatusspreading brown-headed rush150/3VO  RW
122JuncaceaeLuzula comosahairy wood rush110/2VO TRW
123LiliaceaeCalochortus invenustusplain mariposa lily11/1VO TR 
124LiliaceaeVeratrum californicum var. californicumCalifornia corn lily150/9 O  RW
125OrchidaceaeCephalanthera austiniaephantom orchid  V   R 
126OrchidaceaeCorallorhiza maculataspotted coralroot  VO TR 
127OrchidaceaePlatanthera leucostachyswhite bog orchid110/1VO  RW
128PoaceaeAchnatherum occidentale ssp. occidentalewestern needlegrass230/2 OL R 
129PoaceaeAchnatherum parishiiParish's needlegrass320/4 OLT  
130PoaceaeAgrostis idahoensisIdaho bentgrass450/9VOL RW
131PoaceaeAgrostis scabrarough bentgrass  V   RW
132PoaceaeBromus carinatus var. carinatusCalifornia brome15/2VO T W
133PoaceaeBromus richardsoniifringed brome220/1 O TR 
134PoaceaeDeschampsia elongataslender hairgrass440/5 OLTRW
135PoaceaeElymus elymoides ssp. elymoidessquirreltail420/9VOLTR 
136PoaceaeElymus glaucusblue wildrye  V  T W
137PoaceaeElymus trachycaulusslender wheatgrass220/1VOLTR 
138PoaceaeGlyceria elatatall mannagrass450/9 OL RW
139PoaceaeMuhlenbergia richardsonismat muhly330/9VOLTRW
140PoaceaePhleum alpinummountain timothy  V   RW
141PoaceaePoa bolanderiBolander's blue grass  V  T  
142PoaceaePoa pratensis ssp. pratensis*Kentucky blue grass  V  TRW
143PoaceaePoa secunda ssp. secundaone-sided bluegrass  V   R 
144PoaceaePoa wheeleriWheeler's blue grass  V   RW

Taxa Rejected From The Checklist

Taxa Rejected Due To Uncertain Locations

Dodecatheon redolens, POM19641. The location of this voucher is given as San Jacinto Mountains region Round Valley, Elev. 8000-9000 ft.. All other vouchers of this species are from Deer Springs, on the west side of the mountain below Round Valley. We have found this taxon at only one other location, also on the west side. Hence we feel it is likely that this voucher also came from the west side.

Taxa Rejected Due To Probably-Incorrect Determinations

None so far.

Other taxa rejected from the list

Trifolium longipes var. nevadense. We inadvertently included this taxon in the first version of this checklist from a misreading of Hall's discussion on page 30 of his flora. This species is apparently confined to Tahquitz Valley at lower elevation.

Interesting Taxa Not Present In The Checklist

This section was added to the original checklist, since the original checklist was missing both Heuchera hirsutissima and Selaginella watsonii, yet both species were abundant both above (at San Jacinto Peak and Miller Peak) and below this area (at Chino Canyon and Tahquitz Peak). We have since found both taxa here.


Voucher data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/).


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Copyright © 2008 by Tom Chester, Dave Stith and James Dillane
Permission is freely granted to reproduce any or all of this page as long as credit is given to us at this source:
http://tchester.org/sb/plants/floras/round_et_al_valleys.html
Comments and feedback: Tom Chester
Last update: 16 August 2008